USDA-ARS, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Sciences Center, Parlier, CA, USA.
USDA-ARS, Soybean and Nitrogen Fixation Research Unit, Raleigh, NC, USA.
J Econ Entomol. 2021 Jun 11;114(3):1329-1335. doi: 10.1093/jee/toab038.
Host-plant resistance (HPR) remains a vital tool to manage soybean aphid (Aphis glycines Matsumura), a major pest of soybean in Midwestern United States and southern Canada. HPR can be overcome by virulent biotypes of A. glycines; thus, in order to increase the durability of resistant cultivars, HPR needs to be deployed strategically. To improve the strategic deployment, a complete understanding of HPR in existing resistant germplasm will help ensure HPR success. In this study, we characterized HPR soybean to determine antibiosis and antixenosis categories of resistance to different biotypes of A. glycines. No-choice and free-choice tests were performed on 11 previously reported plant introductions (PIs) possessing resistance to at least one A. glycines biotype (1, 2, and 3). Overall, we found that the PIs manifested differences of a particular resistance category in response to infestation by different biotypes. Our data from no-choice tests indicate that all tested PIs possess antibiosis-based resistance to three biotypes. However, the strength of antibiosis was variable as some PIs showed stronger antibiosis toward a given biotype than others. All tested PIs manifested antixenosis, in addition to antibiosis. Furthermore, detached leaf assays revealed that resistance to A. glycines was not retained in excised soybean leaves. Characterization of resistance in this study can contribute to develop strategies for future deployment of resistant cultivars developed from these PIs.
寄主植物抗性（HPR）仍然是管理大豆蚜虫（Aphis glycines Matsumura）的重要工具，大豆蚜虫是美国中西部和加拿大南部大豆的主要害虫。HPR 可以被 A. glycines 的毒力生物型克服；因此，为了增加抗性品种的耐用性，需要有策略地部署 HPR。为了改善战略部署，全面了解现有抗性种质中的 HPR 将有助于确保 HPR 的成功。在这项研究中，我们对具有抗不同 A. glycines 生物型能力的大豆进行了 HPR 特征分析，以确定其抗生性和抗生性的抗性类别。我们对 11 个先前报道的具有至少一种 A. glycines 生物型抗性的植物引种（PI）进行了非选择性和自由选择测试（1、2 和 3）。总的来说，我们发现 PIs 对不同生物型的侵染表现出特定抗性类别的差异。我们的非选择性测试数据表明，所有测试的 PIs 对三种生物型都具有基于抗生性的抗性。然而，抗生性的强度是可变的，因为一些 PIs 对给定生物型的抗生性比其他 PIs 更强。所有测试的 PIs 除了抗生性外，还表现出抗生性。此外，离体叶片测定表明，大豆叶片切除后，对 A. glycines 的抗性丧失。本研究中对抗性的特征分析有助于为这些 PIs 开发的抗性品种的未来部署制定策略。
