Ojha Niranjan, Dhamoon Amit S., Chapagain Rojeena
SUNY Upstate Medical University
Kathmandu University
Myocardial infarction (MI), colloquially known as “heart attack,” is caused by decreased or complete cessation of blood flow to a portion of the myocardium. Myocardial infarction may be “silent” and go undetected, or it could be a catastrophic event leading to hemodynamic deterioration and sudden death. Most myocardial infarctions are due to underlying coronary artery disease, the leading cause of death in the United States. With coronary artery occlusion, the myocardium is deprived of oxygen. Prolonged deprivation of oxygen supply to the myocardium can lead to myocardial cell death and necrosis. Patients can present with chest discomfort or pressure that can radiate to the neck, jaw, shoulder, or arm. In addition to the history and physical exam, myocardial ischemia may be associated with ECG changes and elevated biochemical markers such as cardiac troponins.
心肌梗死（MI），俗称“心脏病发作”，是由心肌某一部分的血流减少或完全停止所致。心肌梗死可能是“无症状的”且未被发现，也可能是导致血流动力学恶化和猝死的灾难性事件。大多数心肌梗死是由潜在的冠状动脉疾病引起的，冠状动脉疾病是美国的主要死因。随着冠状动脉阻塞，心肌会缺氧。心肌长时间缺氧会导致心肌细胞死亡和坏死。患者可能会出现胸部不适或压痛，疼痛可放射至颈部、下巴、肩部或手臂。除病史和体格检查外，心肌缺血可能与心电图变化以及心肌肌钙蛋白等生化标志物升高有关。
