School of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, B15 2TT, Birmingham, UK.
Int J Biometeorol. 2021 Aug;65(8):1427-1442. doi: 10.1007/s00484-021-02114-z. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Urban air pollution can have negative short- and long-term impacts on health, including cardiovascular, neurological, immune system and developmental damage. The irritant qualities of pollutants such as ozone (O), nitrogen dioxide (NO) and particulate matter (PM) can cause respiratory and cardiovascular distress, which can be heightened during physical activity and particularly so for those with respiratory conditions such as asthma. Previously, research has only examined marathon run outcomes or running under laboratory settings. This study focuses on elite 5-km athletes performing in international events at nine locations. Local meteorological and air quality data are used in conjunction with race performance metrics from the Diamond League Athletics series to determine the extent to which elite competitors are influenced during maximal sustained efforts in real-world conditions. The findings from this study suggest that local meteorological variables (temperature, wind speed and relative humidity) and air quality (ozone and particulate matter) have an impact on athletic performance. Variation between finishing times at different race locations can also be explained by the local meteorology and air quality conditions seen during races.
城市空气污染会对健康造成短期和长期的负面影响，包括心血管、神经、免疫系统和发育损伤。臭氧（O）、二氧化氮（NO）和颗粒物（PM）等污染物的刺激性会导致呼吸道和心血管不适，在体力活动期间会加剧，对于哮喘等呼吸道疾病患者尤其如此。以前，研究只检查了马拉松跑步的结果或在实验室环境下跑步。本研究关注的是在九个地点举行的国际赛事中表现出色的 5 公里运动员。当地气象和空气质量数据与钻石联赛田径系列赛的比赛成绩指标相结合，以确定在真实条件下，精英运动员在最大持续努力期间受到的影响程度。这项研究的结果表明，当地气象变量（温度、风速和相对湿度）和空气质量（臭氧和颗粒物）对运动表现有影响。不同比赛地点的完赛时间差异也可以用比赛期间的当地气象和空气质量条件来解释。
