College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China.
College of Pharmacy, Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Jinan 250355, China; Qingdao Academy of Chinese Medicinal Sciences Shandong University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Qingdao 266041, China.
Biomed Pharmacother. 2021 May;137:111393. doi: 10.1016/j.biopha.2021.111393. Epub 2021 Feb 19.
The leaves of Ficus carica Linn. (FC) have been widely used for medicine purposes since ancient times, and its decoction is consumed as tea. Many scientific papers have been published in the literature and the researchers across the world are still exploring the health benefits of FC leaves. In this review, we have collected the literature published since 2010 in the databases: Pubmed, Scopus, Web of Science, SciFinder, Google Scholar, Baidu Scholar and local classic herbal literature. The summary of the chemical constituents in FC leaves, biological activities, toxicity studies, and clinical studies carried out on FC leaves is provided in this review. In addition, the molecular mechanisms of the active constituents in FC leaves are also comprehended. FC leaves are reported to 126 constituents out of which the polyphenolic compounds are predominant. Many scientific studies have proven the antidiabetic, antioxidant, anti-inflammatory, anticancer, anticholinesterase, antimicrobial, hepatoprotective, and renoprotective activities. Many studies have carried out to provide the insights on molecular pathways involved in the biological activities of FC leaves. The toxicity studies have suggested that FC leaves exhibit toxicity only at very high doses. We believe this review serve as a comprehensive resource for those who are interested to understand the scientific evidence that support the medicinal values of FC leaves and also the research gaps to further improve the commercial value and health benefits of FC leaves.
石榴叶自古以来就被广泛应用于医学领域，其煎剂也被用作茶饮。许多科学文献已经发表，世界各地的研究人员仍在探索石榴叶的健康益处。在这篇综述中，我们收集了自 2010 年以来在以下数据库中发表的文献：PubMed、Scopus、Web of Science、SciFinder、Google Scholar、百度学术和当地经典草药文献。综述中提供了石榴叶的化学成分、生物活性、毒性研究和临床研究的总结。此外，还理解了石榴叶中活性成分的分子机制。石榴叶中已报道有 126 种成分，其中多酚类化合物占主导地位。许多科学研究已经证明了石榴叶具有抗糖尿病、抗氧化、抗炎、抗癌、抗胆碱酯酶、抗菌、保肝和护肾作用。许多研究已经开展，以提供关于石榴叶生物活性涉及的分子途径的见解。毒性研究表明，石榴叶仅在非常高的剂量下才表现出毒性。我们相信，这篇综述为那些有兴趣了解支持石榴叶药用价值的科学证据的人以及进一步提高石榴叶商业价值和健康益处的研究空白提供了一个全面的资源。
