加强卫生系统建设：为巴基斯坦 COVID-19 后情景配置。
Strengthening health system building blocks: configuring post-COVID-19 scenario in Pakistan.
机构信息
JSI Research & Training Institute Inc., Islamabad44000, Pakistan.
出版信息
Prim Health Care Res Dev. 2021 Mar 25;22:e9. doi: 10.1017/S1463423621000128.
AIM
To gauge the level of preparedness of health system of Pakistan in the wake of Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic.
BACKGROUND
The global COVID-19 outbreak and its subsequent repercussions and implications, after being declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO), exposed all the inherent, lingering, and acute shortcomings of the health systems in many developing countries and Pakistan was no exception.
METHODS
A detailed literature review was done which included peer-reviewed articles on COVID-19 and health system, published in local and international journals, WHO and World Bank's publications, and the documents and official reports of the government. Focus was to glean and cite strategies adopted by the developing countries in response to COVID-19 and to see the applicability of those which are feasible for Pakistan.
FINDINGS
Level of preparedness was minimal and the response to manage the outbreak was weak. Based on toll of the cases and number of deaths, this public health threat turned out to be a catastrophe beyond the controlling authority and capacity of the health system, and hence other sectors and agencies had to be engaged for devising a concerted and integrated response to deal with the emergency. Governance was disorderly, financing was inadequate, human resources were not trained, supplies and logistic were not stocked, information system was patchy, and research capacity was limited, and most of all the service delivery was in a biggest chaos of times. COVID-19 demanded to re-configure the health system of Pakistan.
CONCLUSION
Improving the emergency preparedness of the hospitals is the foremost and an urgent need. A strong national public health system in Pakistan is needed to rapidly investigate and analyze the reports, assess the magnitude of the public health risk, share real-time information, and implement public health control measures in a concerted and systematic demeanor.
目的
评估巴基斯坦卫生系统在 2019 年冠状病毒病（COVID-19）大流行中的准备情况。
背景
世界卫生组织（WHO）宣布 COVID-19 为大流行后，其在全球范围内的爆发及其随后的影响和后果，暴露了许多发展中国家卫生系统固有的、长期存在的和急性的缺陷，巴基斯坦也不例外。
方法
进行了详细的文献回顾，其中包括在当地和国际期刊、世界卫生组织和世界银行出版物以及政府的文件和官方报告上发表的关于 COVID-19 和卫生系统的同行评议文章。重点是收集和引用发展中国家应对 COVID-19 所采用的策略，并研究那些对巴基斯坦可行的策略的适用性。
结果
准备水平很低，应对疫情的反应很薄弱。根据病例数和死亡人数，这一公共卫生威胁超出了卫生系统的控制能力和能力，因此必须让其他部门和机构参与制定协调一致的综合应对措施来应对紧急情况。治理混乱，资金不足，人力资源未得到培训，物资和后勤保障未储备，信息系统不完善，研究能力有限，最重要的是，服务提供处于最混乱的时期。COVID-19 要求重新配置巴基斯坦的卫生系统。
结论
提高医院的应急准备能力是当务之急。巴基斯坦需要一个强大的国家公共卫生系统，以便迅速调查和分析报告，评估公共卫生风险的严重程度，实时共享信息，并以协调和系统的方式实施公共卫生控制措施。
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