Yoon Kichul, Kim Nayoung
Department of Internal Medicine, Wonkwang University Sanbon Medical Center, Gunpo, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
Department of Internal Medicine, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Gyeonggi-do, Korea.
J Neurogastroenterol Motil. 2021 Jul 30;27(3):314-325. doi: 10.5056/jnm20208.
The distribution of gut microbiota varies according to age (childhood, puberty, pregnancy, menopause, and old age) and sex. Gut microbiota are known to contribute to gastrointestinal (GI) diseases such as irritable bowel syndrome, inflammatory bowel disease, and colon cancer; however, the exact etiology remains elusive. Recently, sex and gender differences in GI diseases and their relation to gut microbiota has been suggested. Furthermore, the metabolism of estrogen and androgen was reported to be related to the gut microbiome. As gut microbiome is involved in the excretion and circulation process of sex hormones, the concept of "microgenderome" indicating the role of sex hormone on the gut microbiota has been suggested. However, further research is needed for this concept to be universally accepted. In this review, we summarize sex- and gender-differences in gut microbiota and the interplay of microbiota and GI diseases, focusing on sex hormones. We also describe the metabolic role of the microbiota in this regard. Finally, current subjects, such as medication including probiotics, are briefly discussed.
肠道微生物群的分布因年龄（儿童期、青春期、孕期、更年期和老年期）和性别而异。已知肠道微生物群会导致胃肠道疾病，如肠易激综合征、炎症性肠病和结肠癌；然而，确切病因仍不清楚。最近，有人提出胃肠道疾病中的性别差异及其与肠道微生物群的关系。此外，据报道雌激素和雄激素的代谢与肠道微生物组有关。由于肠道微生物组参与性激素的排泄和循环过程，因此有人提出了“微性别组”的概念，表明性激素对肠道微生物群的作用。然而，这一概念要被普遍接受还需要进一步研究。在这篇综述中，我们总结了肠道微生物群中的性别差异以及微生物群与胃肠道疾病的相互作用，重点关注性激素。我们还描述了微生物群在这方面的代谢作用。最后，简要讨论了当前的一些课题，如包括益生菌在内的药物治疗。
