Department of Food Science and Technology, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Foods for Health Institute, University of California Davis, Davis, CA, USA.
Pediatr Res. 2022 Feb;91(3):627-636. doi: 10.1038/s41390-020-01350-0. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Recent studies have reported a dysfunctional gut microbiome in breastfed infants. Probiotics have been used in an attempt to restore the gut microbiome; however, colonization has been transient, inconsistent among individuals, or has not positively impacted the host's gut.
This is a 2-year follow-up study to a randomized controlled trial wherein 7-day-old infants received 1.8 × 10 colony-forming unit Bifidobacterium longum subsp. infantis (B. infantis) EVC001 (EVC) daily for 21 days or breast milk alone (unsupplemented (UNS)). In the follow-up study, mothers (n = 48) collected infant stool at 4, 6, 8, 10, and 12 months postnatal and completed the health-diet questionnaires.
Fecal B. infantis was 2.5-3.5 log units higher at 6-12 months in the EVC group compared with the UNS group (P < 0.01) and this relationship strengthened with the exclusion of infants who consumed infant formula and antibiotics. Infants in the EVC group had significantly higher Bifidobacteriaceae and lower Bacteroidaceae and Lachnospiraceae (P < 0.05). There were no differences in any health conditions between the two groups.
Probiotic supplementation with B. infantis within the first month postnatal, in combination with breast milk, resulted in stable colonization that persisted until at least 1 year postnatal.
A dysfunctional gut microbiome in breastfed infants is common in resource-rich nations and associated with an increased risk of immune diseases. Probiotics only transiently exist in the gut without persistent colonization or altering the gut microbiome. This is the first study to show that early probiotic supplementation with B. infantis with breast milk results in stable colonization of B. infantis and improvements to the gut microbiome 1 year postnatal. This study addresses a key gap in the literature whereby probiotics can restore the gut microbiome if biologically selected microorganisms are matched with their specific food in an open ecological niche.
最近的研究报告称，母乳喂养的婴儿肠道微生物组存在功能障碍。已经尝试使用益生菌来恢复肠道微生物组；然而，定植是短暂的，个体之间不一致，或者没有对宿主的肠道产生积极影响。
这是一项为期 2 年的随访研究，对一项随机对照试验进行了随访，该试验中，7 天大的婴儿每天接受 1.8×10 菌落形成单位长双歧杆菌亚种。婴儿双歧杆菌（B. infantis）EVC001（EVC），持续 21 天，或单独母乳喂养（未补充（UNS））。在随访研究中，母亲（n=48）在产后 4、6、8、10 和 12 个月收集婴儿粪便，并完成健康-饮食问卷。
与 UNS 组相比，EVC 组在 6-12 个月时粪便中双歧杆菌的数量高出 2.5-3.5 个对数单位（P<0.01），并且这种关系随着排除了食用婴儿配方奶粉和抗生素的婴儿而加强。EVC 组婴儿双歧杆菌科明显更高，而拟杆菌科和lachnospiraceae 较低（P<0.05）。两组之间的任何健康状况均无差异。
在产后第一个月内补充双歧杆菌益生菌，与母乳喂养相结合，可导致稳定定植，至少持续到产后 1 年。
资源丰富的国家母乳喂养婴儿肠道微生物组功能障碍很常见，与免疫性疾病风险增加有关。益生菌在肠道中仅短暂存在，没有持续定植或改变肠道微生物组。这是第一项表明，早期用双歧杆菌益生菌与母乳喂养相结合可导致双歧杆菌稳定定植，并在产后 1 年改善肠道微生物组的研究。这项研究解决了文献中的一个关键空白，即如果生物选择的微生物与特定的食物在开放的生态位中相匹配，益生菌可以恢复肠道微生物组。
