Department of Nutritional Sciences, King's College London, London, UK.
Department of Medical Microbiology and Immunology, University of Wisconsin, Madison, WI, USA.
Nat Microbiol. 2024 Nov;9(11):2785-2794. doi: 10.1038/s41564-024-01831-6. Epub 2024 Oct 30.
Diet is a major determinant of the gastrointestinal microbiome composition and function, yet our understanding of how it impacts the efficacy of prebiotics and probiotics is limited. Here we examine current evidence of dietary influence on prebiotic and probiotic efficacy in human studies, including potential mechanisms. We propose that habitual diet be included as a variable in prebiotic and probiotic intervention studies. This recommendation is based on the potential mechanisms via which diet can affect study outcomes, either directly or through the gut microbiome. We consider the challenges and opportunities of dietary assessment in this context. Lastly, we provide recommendations for the design, conduct and reporting of human clinical trials of prebiotics and probiotics (and other biotic interventions) to account for any effect of diet and nutrition.
饮食是胃肠道微生物组组成和功能的主要决定因素，但我们对其如何影响益生元和益生菌功效的理解有限。在这里，我们研究了目前关于饮食对人类研究中益生元和益生菌功效影响的证据，包括潜在的机制。我们建议在益生元和益生菌干预研究中，将习惯性饮食作为一个变量。这一建议是基于饮食可能通过直接或通过肠道微生物组影响研究结果的潜在机制。我们考虑了在这种情况下进行饮食评估的挑战和机遇。最后，我们为益生元和益生菌（和其他生物干预）的人体临床试验的设计、实施和报告提供了建议，以考虑饮食和营养的任何影响。
