Sookhak Lari Kaveh, King Andrew, Rayner John L, Davis Greg B
CSIRO Land and Water, Private Bag No. 5, Wembley, WA, 6913, Australia; School of Engineering, Edith Cowan University, 270 Joondalup Drive, Joondalup, WA, 6027, Australia.
BP Remediation Management, Melbourne, Australia.
J Environ Manage. 2021 Jun 1;287:112356. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2021.112356. Epub 2021 Mar 22.
Acute large volume spills from storage tanks of petroleum hydrocarbons as light non aqueous phase liquids (LNAPLs) can contaminate soil and groundwater and may have the potential to pose explosive and other risks. In consideration of an acute LNAPL release scenario, we explore the value of a rapid remediation response, and the value of installing remediation infrastructure in close proximity to the spill location, in effecting greater recovery of LNAPL mass from the subsurface. For the first time, a verified three-dimensional multi-phase numerical framework and supercomputing resources was applied to explore the significance of in-time and in-place remediation actions. A sand aquifer, two release volumes and a low viscosity LNAPL were considered in key scenarios. The time of commencement of LNAPL remediation activities and the location of recovery wells were assessed requiring asymmetric computational considerations. The volume of LNAPL released considerably affected the depth of LNAPL penetration below the groundwater table, the radius of the plume over time and the recoverable LNAPL mass. The remediation efficiency was almost linearly correlated with the commencement time, but was a non-linear function of the distance of an extraction well from the spill release point. The ratio of the recovered LNAPL in a well located at the centre of the spill/release compared to a well located 5 m away was more than 3.5, for recovery starting only 7 days after the release. Early commencement of remediation with a recovery well located at the centre of the plume was estimated to recover 190 times more LNAPL mass than a one-month delayed commencement through a well 15 m away from the centre of the LNAPL plume. Optimally, nearly 40% of the initially released LNAPL could be recovered within two months of commencing LNAPL recovery actions.
作为轻质非水相液体（LNAPL）的石油碳氢化合物储存罐发生急性大量泄漏时，可能会污染土壤和地下水，并有可能带来爆炸和其他风险。考虑到急性LNAPL泄漏情况，我们探讨了快速修复响应的价值，以及在泄漏位置附近安装修复基础设施对于从地下更多地回收LNAPL质量的价值。首次应用经过验证的三维多相数值框架和超级计算资源来探讨及时和就地修复行动的重要性。在关键情景中考虑了一个砂质含水层、两个泄漏量和一种低粘度LNAPL。评估了LNAPL修复活动开始的时间和回收井的位置，这需要非对称的计算考虑。LNAPL的泄漏量对地下水位以下LNAPL的渗透深度、羽流随时间的半径以及可回收的LNAPL质量有很大影响。修复效率与开始时间几乎呈线性相关，但与抽提井到泄漏释放点的距离呈非线性函数关系。对于仅在泄漏7天后开始回收的情况，位于泄漏/释放中心的井中回收的LNAPL与距离5米处的井中回收的LNAPL的比例超过3.5。据估计，在羽流中心设置回收井并尽早开始修复，比通过距离LNAPL羽流中心15米处且延迟一个月开始的井进行修复，可多回收190倍的LNAPL质量。理想情况下，在开始LNAPL回收行动后的两个月内，可回收近40%的初始泄漏的LNAPL。
