Amarelle Luciano, Quintela Lucía, Hurtado Javier, Malacrida Leonel
Department of Pathophysiology, Hospital de Clínicas, School of Medicine, Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Advanced Bioimaging Unit, Institut Pasteur Montevideo and Universidad de la República, Montevideo, Uruguay.
Front Med (Lausanne). 2021 Mar 9;8:606678. doi: 10.3389/fmed.2021.606678. eCollection 2021.
Although oxygen (O) is essential for aerobic life, it can also be an important source of cellular damage. Supra-physiological levels of O determine toxicity due to exacerbated reactive oxygen species (ROS) production, impairing the homeostatic balance of several cellular processes. Furthermore, injured cells activate inflammation cascades, amplifying the tissue damage. The lung is the first (but not the only) organ affected by this condition. Critically ill patients are often exposed to several insults, such as mechanical ventilation, infections, hypo-perfusion, systemic inflammation, and drug toxicity. In this scenario, it is not easy to dissect the effect of oxygen toxicity. Translational investigations with animal models are essential to explore injuring stimuli in controlled experimental conditions, and are milestones in understanding pathological mechanisms and developing therapeutic strategies. Animal models can resemble what happens in critical care or anesthesia patients under mechanical ventilation and hyperoxia, but are also critical to explore the effect of O on lung development and the role of hyperoxic damage on bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Here, we set out to review the hyperoxia effects on lung pathology, contributing to the field by describing and analyzing animal experimentation's main aspects and its implications on human lung diseases.
尽管氧气（O）对有氧生命至关重要，但它也可能是细胞损伤的重要来源。超生理水平的氧气会因活性氧（ROS）生成加剧而导致毒性，破坏多个细胞过程的稳态平衡。此外，受损细胞会激活炎症级联反应，加剧组织损伤。肺是受这种情况影响的首个（但并非唯一）器官。危重症患者常常受到多种损伤，如机械通气、感染、低灌注、全身炎症和药物毒性。在这种情况下，剖析氧中毒的影响并非易事。利用动物模型进行的转化研究对于在可控实验条件下探究损伤刺激至关重要，是理解病理机制和制定治疗策略的里程碑。动物模型可以模拟机械通气和高氧情况下重症监护或麻醉患者体内发生的情况，但对于探究氧气对肺发育的影响以及高氧损伤在支气管肺发育不良中的作用也至关重要。在此，我们着手综述高氧对肺病理学的影响，通过描述和分析动物实验的主要方面及其对人类肺部疾病的影响，为该领域做出贡献。
