Cell Therapy and Tissue Engineering Center.
Regeneration Medicine Research Center.
Curr Opin Gastroenterol. 2021 May 1;37(3):216-223. doi: 10.1097/MOG.0000000000000724.
Liver transplantation is the gold standard for the treatment of end-stage liver disease. However, a shortage of donor organs, high cost, and surgical complications limit the use of this treatment. Cellular therapies using hepatocytes, hematopoietic stem cells, bone marrow mononuclear cells, and mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) are being investigated as alternative treatments to liver transplantation. The purpose of this review is to describe studies using MSC transplantation for liver diseases based on the reported literature and to discuss prospective research designed to improve the efficacy of MSC therapy.
MSCs have several properties that show potential to regenerate injured tissues or organs, such as homing, transdifferentiation, immunosuppression, and cellular protective capacity. Additionally, MSCs can be noninvasively isolated from various tissues and expanded ex vivo in sufficient numbers for clinical evaluation.
Currently, there is no approved MSC therapy for the treatment of liver disease. However, MSC therapy is considered a promising alternative treatment for end-stage liver diseases and is reported to improve liver function safely with no side effects. Further robust preclinical and clinical studies will be needed to improve the therapeutic efficacy of MSC transplantation.
肝移植是治疗终末期肝病的金标准。然而，供体器官短缺、费用高和手术并发症限制了这种治疗方法的应用。使用肝细胞、造血干细胞、骨髓单核细胞和间充质干细胞（MSCs）的细胞疗法正被作为肝移植的替代治疗方法进行研究。本综述的目的是根据已发表的文献描述使用 MSC 移植治疗肝脏疾病的研究，并讨论旨在提高 MSC 治疗效果的前瞻性研究。
MSCs 具有几种特性，显示出再生受损组织或器官的潜力，如归巢、转分化、免疫抑制和细胞保护能力。此外，MSCs 可以从各种组织中无创分离，并在体外大量扩增以供临床评估。
目前，尚无批准的 MSC 疗法用于治疗肝脏疾病。然而，MSC 疗法被认为是治疗终末期肝病的一种有前途的替代疗法，据报道，它可以安全地改善肝功能，且无副作用。需要进一步进行强有力的临床前和临床研究，以提高 MSC 移植的治疗效果。
