Department of Pediatrics, Keio University School of Medicine, Tokyo, Japan.
Department of Pediatrics, Keiyu Hospital, Kanagawa, Japan.
PLoS One. 2021 Mar 26;16(3):e0249005. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0249005. eCollection 2021.
During influenza epidemics, Japanese clinicians routinely conduct rapid influenza diagnostic tests (RIDTs) in patients with influenza-like illness, and patients with positive test results are treated with anti-influenza drugs within 48 h after the onset of illness. We assessed the vaccine effectiveness (VE) of inactivated influenza vaccine (IIV) in children (6 months-15 years old, N = 4243), using a test-negative case-control design based on the results of RIDTs in the 2018/19 season. The VE against influenza A(H1N1)pdm and A(H3N2) was analyzed separately using an RIDT kit specifically for detecting A(H1N1)pdm09. The adjusted VE against combined influenza A (H1N1pdm and H3N2) and against A(H1N1)pdm09 was 39% (95% confidence interval [CI], 30%-46%) and 74% (95% CI, 39%-89%), respectively. By contrast, the VE against non-A(H1N1)pdm09 influenza A (presumed to be H3N2) was very low at 7%. The adjusted VE for preventing hospitalization was 56% (95% CI, 16%-77%) against influenza A. The VE against A(H1N1)pdm09 was consistently high in our studies. By contrast, the VE against A(H3N2) was low not only in adults but also in children in the 2018/19 season.
在流感流行期间，日本临床医生通常会对流感样疾病患者进行快速流感诊断测试（RIDT），并且对于检测结果阳性的患者，在发病后 48 小时内给予抗流感药物治疗。我们使用基于 2018/19 季节 RIDT 结果的检测阴性病例对照设计，评估了儿童（6 个月-15 岁，N=4243）中灭活流感疫苗（IIV）的疫苗有效性（VE）。我们使用专门用于检测 A（H1N1）pdm09 的 RIDT 试剂盒分别分析了针对 A（H1N1）pdm 和 A（H3N2）的 VE。针对合并的 A（H1N1pdm 和 H3N2）和针对 A（H1N1）pdm09 的调整后的 VE 分别为 39%（95%置信区间[CI]，30%-46%）和 74%（95% CI，39%-89%）。相比之下，针对非 A（H1N1）pdm09 的流感 A（假定为 H3N2）的 VE 非常低，为 7%。针对 A 型流感住院的调整 VE 为 56%（95% CI，16%-77%）。我们的研究表明，针对 A（H1N1）pdm09 的 VE 始终较高。相比之下，A（H3N2）的 VE 在 2018/19 季节不仅在成人中而且在儿童中均较低。
