INSERM U1299 Developmental Trajectories & Psychiatry, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Digiteo Labs, Avenue des Sciences, Bâtiment 660 Claude Shannon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France.
INSERM U1299 Developmental Trajectories & Psychiatry, Ecole Normale Supérieure Paris-Saclay, Université Paris-Saclay, CNRS, Centre Borelli, Digiteo Labs, Avenue des Sciences, Bâtiment 660 Claude Shannon, Gif-sur-Yvette, France; Hôpitaux de Paris, Department of Psychiatry and Addictology, Paul Brousse Hospital, Villejuif, France.
Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2021 Aug;49:11-22. doi: 10.1016/j.euroneuro.2021.03.001. Epub 2021 Mar 24.
Early initiation of polysubstance use (PSU) is a strong predictor of subsequent addiction, however scarce individuals present resilience capacity. This neuroimaging study aimed to investigate structural correlates associated with cessation or reduction of PSU and determine the extent to which brain structural features accounted for this resilient outcome. Participants from a European community-based cohort self-reported their alcohol, tobacco and cannabis use frequency at ages 14, 16 and 19 and had neuroimaging sessions at ages 14 and 19. We included three groups in the study: the resilient-to-PSU participants showed PSU at 16 and/or 14 but no more at 19 (n = 18), the enduring polysubstance users at 19 displayed PSU continuation from 14 or 16 (n = 193) and the controls were abstinent or low drinking participants (n = 460). We conducted between-group comparisons of grey matter volumes on whole brain using voxel-based morphometry and regional fractional anisotropy using tract-based spatial statistics. Random-forests machine-learning approach generated individual-level PSU-behavior predictions based on personality and neuroimaging features. Adolescents resilient to PSU showed significant larger grey matter volumes in the bilateral cingulate gyrus compared with enduring polysubstance users and controls at ages 19 and 14 (p<0.05 corrected) but no difference in fractional anisotropy. The larger cingulate volumes and personality trait "openness to experience" were the best precursors of resilience to PSU. Early in adolescence, a larger cingulate gyrus differentiated adolescents resilient to PSU, and this feature was critical in predicting this outcome. This study encourages further research into the neurobiological bases of resilience to addictive behaviors.
早期开始滥用多种物质（PSU）是随后成瘾的强有力预测因素，然而，只有少数人具有抵抗能力。这项神经影像学研究旨在探讨与停止或减少 PSU 相关的结构相关性，并确定脑结构特征在多大程度上解释了这种有弹性的结果。来自欧洲基于社区的队列的参与者在 14、16 和 19 岁时报告了他们的酒精、烟草和大麻使用频率，并在 14 和 19 岁时进行了神经影像学检查。我们在研究中包括了三组：对 PSU 有抵抗力的参与者在 16 岁和/或 14 岁时出现了 PSU，但在 19 岁时不再出现（n=18），在 19 岁时持续存在 PSU 的多物质使用者从 14 岁或 16 岁开始持续出现 PSU（n=193），对照组是禁欲或低饮酒参与者（n=460）。我们使用基于体素的形态测量法和基于束的空间统计学对全脑灰质体积进行了组间比较，并对区域分数各向异性进行了比较。随机森林机器学习方法基于人格和神经影像学特征生成个体水平的 PSU 行为预测。与持续的多物质使用者和对照组相比，对 PSU 有抵抗力的青少年在 19 岁和 14 岁时双侧扣带回的灰质体积明显更大（p<0.05 校正），但分数各向异性没有差异。较大的扣带体积和人格特质“经验开放性”是对 PSU 有抵抗力的最佳预测因子。在青春期早期，较大的扣带回区分辨出对 PSU 有抵抗力的青少年，这一特征对预测这一结果至关重要。这项研究鼓励进一步研究对成瘾行为的抵抗力的神经生物学基础。
