Faculty of Psychology and Neuroscience, Maastricht University, Netherlands.
Cyprus rTMS Centre, Cyprus.
Psychiatriki. 2021 Apr 19;32(1):67-74. doi: 10.22365/jpsych.2021.012. Epub 2021 Mar 26.
Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) is an innovative, non-invasive and well tolerated method that could be used as a treatment option for a variety of neuropsychiatric disorders. A large number of studies, for more than 30 years, have demonstrated that is a powerful neuroscience tool for diagnostic and therapeutic purposes. rTMS is based on the phenomenon of electromagnetic mutual induction, that firstly reported by Michael Faraday in 1831. Later, in 1985, Anthony Barker and his colleagues developed the first modern transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) device. rTMS uses brief electromagnetic pulses generated by an insulated coil, placed over the scalp. This technique has the ability to modulate the cortical activity of the brain. Daily rTMS stimulation for several weeks has been shown to be effective in reducing symptoms of many neuropsychiatric disorders. Moreover, studies have shown that dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC) has a crucial role in improving cognitive performance and, as a result, is a commonly used target area for the treatment of many neuropsychiatric disorders such as depression. 2008 was a significant year for TMS history, as FDA approved for first time a TMS therapy device for the clinical treatment of depression. This approval as well as the National Institute for Health and Care Excellence (NICE) recommendation on TMS for the treatment of depression in 2015 lead to the establishment of rTMS as a first-line treatment for patients that failed in at least one prior antidepressant medication, followed by FDA approvals for the treatment of migraines and OCD. This paper aims to enhance further some of the clinical usefulness of rTMS.
重复经颅磁刺激（rTMS）是一种创新的、非侵入性的、耐受性良好的方法，可作为多种神经精神疾病的治疗选择。三十多年来，大量研究表明，rTMS 是一种用于诊断和治疗目的的强大神经科学工具。rTMS 基于电磁互感现象，该现象由迈克尔·法拉第于 1831 年首次报道。后来，1985 年，安东尼·巴克尔（Anthony Barker）及其同事开发了第一台现代经颅磁刺激（TMS）设备。rTMS 使用放置在头皮上的绝缘线圈产生的短暂电磁脉冲。这项技术能够调节大脑皮质的活动。数周的日常 rTMS 刺激已被证明可有效减轻许多神经精神疾病的症状。此外，研究表明，背外侧前额叶皮层（DLPFC）在改善认知表现方面起着至关重要的作用，因此，它是治疗许多神经精神疾病（如抑郁症）的常用靶区。2008 年是 TMS 历史上的一个重要年份，因为 FDA 首次批准了用于治疗抑郁症的 TMS 治疗设备。这一批准以及国家卫生与保健卓越研究所（NICE）在 2015 年对 TMS 治疗抑郁症的建议，使得 rTMS 成为至少一种先前抗抑郁药物治疗失败的患者的一线治疗方法，随后 FDA 批准 rTMS 用于治疗偏头痛和强迫症。本文旨在进一步增强 rTMS 的一些临床用途。
