Institute for Geo-Resources and Environment, AIST (National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology), Tsukuba, Ibaraki, 305-8567, Japan.
Faculty of Agriculture, Kyusyu University, Fukuoka, Fukuoka, 819-0395, Japan.
Sci Rep. 2021 Mar 26;11(1):6997. doi: 10.1038/s41598-021-86573-9.
This paper describes the amounts and size distributions of amorphous nanoparticles in clays, soils and marine sediments, and the effect of amorphous nanoparticles on the properties of clays, soils and marine sediments. So far aluminum-silicate amorphous nanoparticles such as allophane were observed only in soils of volcanic origin with a transmission electron microscope, and thus most people believed that aluminum-silicate amorphous nanoparticles were present only in soils of special origin. Recently, a method has been devised to quantify amorphous nanoparticles by using small angle X-ray scattering intensity. Using the method, we have quantified amorphous nanoparticles in clays, soils and marine sediments, and have found that all clays, soils and marine sediments measured in this study contain large amounts of amorphous nanoparticles. On the basis of this result, we have concluded that large amounts of amorphous nanoparticles are ubiquitously formed from rocks when the rocks are weathered or altered. We have also found that the amorphous nanoparticles affect the properties of clays, such as adsorption properties and plasticity. These findings show that amorphous nanoparticles play an important role in clays, soils and marine sediments.
本文描述了粘土、土壤和海洋沉积物中无定形纳米颗粒的数量和粒径分布，以及无定形纳米颗粒对粘土、土壤和海洋沉积物性质的影响。到目前为止，只有在具有透射电子显微镜的火山起源土壤中才观察到铝硅酸盐无定形纳米颗粒（如埃洛石），因此大多数人认为铝硅酸盐无定形纳米颗粒仅存在于特殊起源的土壤中。最近，已经开发出一种使用小角 X 射线散射强度定量无定形纳米颗粒的方法。使用该方法，我们已经定量了粘土、土壤和海洋沉积物中的无定形纳米颗粒，并发现本研究中测量的所有粘土、土壤和海洋沉积物都含有大量的无定形纳米颗粒。基于这一结果，我们得出结论，大量的无定形纳米颗粒是岩石风化或蚀变时从岩石中普遍形成的。我们还发现，无定形纳米颗粒影响粘土的性质，如吸附性质和塑性。这些发现表明，无定形纳米颗粒在粘土、土壤和海洋沉积物中起着重要作用。
