College of Ecology and Environment, Inner Mongolia University, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
Key Laboratory of River and Lake Ecology of Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, No. 235 University West Road, Saihan District, Hohhot, 010021, Inner Mongolia, China.
Environ Geochem Health. 2021 Oct;43(10):4075-4087. doi: 10.1007/s10653-021-00890-6. Epub 2021 Mar 27.
Due to the drought climate and a large amount of groundwater drainage, there are widespread environmental geological problems in prairie open-pit coal mining areas, such as hydrological cycle imbalance, soil desertification and prairie degradation. This study takes the Hulunbeir Prairie Yimin Open-pit Coal Mine as the research object. Basing on the investigation of the groundwater-lake system in the mining area, data of hydrological, meteorological and remote sensing image, the mathematical model of groundwater level-lake area response mechanism in the mining area was constructed by using the principle of water balance. And the influence of mining area development on the lake area of Yimin basin had been predicted and analyzed. The results show that in the past 35 years of coal mining, the number of lake groups in Yimin basin has changed from 5 before mining (1982) to 2 (2018), and the total area of lakes has reduced from 6.94 km before mining to 1.43 km with an area reduction rate of 79%. The prairie lake-groundwater coupling model was constructed based on the principle of water balance, and the goodness-of-fit reached more than 0.83 after testing. Based on the model, it's predicted that when the Yimin Coal Mine is closed (2045), the area of Chaidaminol lake will shrink to 1.37 km under the condition of little fluctuation of climatic factors and stable mine development.
由于干旱气候和大量地下水开采，草原露天采煤区存在广泛的环境地质问题，如水文循环失衡、土壤沙漠化和草原退化。本研究以呼伦贝尔草原伊敏露天煤矿为研究对象。基于矿区地下水-湖泊系统调查、水文、气象和遥感影像数据，利用水量平衡原理，建立了矿区地下水位-湖泊面积响应机制的数学模型，并对矿区开发对伊敏盆地湖泊面积的影响进行了预测和分析。结果表明，在过去 35 年的采煤过程中，伊敏盆地的湖泊群数量从开采前的 5 个（1982 年）减少到 2 个，湖泊总面积从开采前的 6.94km减少到 1.43km，面积减少率为 79%。基于水量平衡原理构建了草原湖泊-地下水耦合模型，经过检验，拟合优度达到 0.83 以上。基于该模型预测，在气候因素波动较小且矿山稳定开发的情况下，到伊敏煤矿关闭时（2045 年），柴达民诺尔湖的面积将缩小至 1.37km。
