College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China.
College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Henan Institute of Science and Technology, Xinxiang, Henan, 453003, China; College of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine, Shanxi Agricultural University, Taigu, Shanxi, 030801, China.
Environ Pollut. 2021 Jul 1;280:116901. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2021.116901. Epub 2021 Mar 10.
Bisphenol A (BPA), an endocrine-disrupting chemical that is largely produced and used in the plastics industry, causes environmental pollution and is absorbed by humans through consumption of food and liquids in polycarbonate containers. BPA exerts developmental and genetic toxicities to embryos and offsprings, but the embryotoxicity mechanism of this chemical is unclear. This study aimed to explore the toxic effect of BPA on embryonic development and elucidate its toxicity mechanism. Embryos of Xenopus laevis as a model were treated with different concentrations (0.1, 1, 10, and 20 μM) of BPA at the two-cell stage to investigate the developmental toxicity of BPA. Embryonic development and behaviors were monitored 24 h-96 h of BPA exposure. BPA concentrations greater than 1 μM exerted significant teratogenic effects on the Xenopus embryos, which showed short tail axis, miscoiled guts, and bent notochord as the main malformations. The 20 μM BPA-treated embryos were seriously damaged in all aspects and exhibited deformity, impaired behavioral ability, and tissue damage. The DNA integrity and apoptosis of the Xenopus embryos were also investigated. Exposure to BPA concentrations higher than 0.1 μM significantly induced DNA damage (p < 0.05). The 10 and 20 μM BPA-treated embryos exhibited higher levels of cleaved caspase-3 protein than the control. The ratios of bax/bcl-2 mRNA were significantly higher in the 10 μM and 20 μM-treated embryos than the ratio in the control group. Overall, data indicated that BPA can delay the early development, induce DNA damage and apoptosis, and eventually cause multiple malformations in Xenopus embryos.
双酚 A（BPA）是一种内分泌干扰化学物质，主要在塑料工业中生产和使用，会造成环境污染，并通过人类食用和饮用聚碳酸酯容器中的食物和液体而被人体吸收。BPA 对胚胎和后代具有发育毒性和遗传毒性，但这种化学物质的胚胎毒性机制尚不清楚。本研究旨在探讨 BPA 对胚胎发育的毒性作用，并阐明其毒性机制。本研究以非洲爪蟾（Xenopus laevis）胚胎为模型，在二细胞期用不同浓度（0.1、1、10 和 20 μM）的 BPA 处理，以研究 BPA 的发育毒性。在暴露于 BPA 24-96 小时期间监测胚胎的发育和行为。浓度大于 1 μM 的 BPA 对非洲爪蟾胚胎产生明显的致畸作用，主要表现为尾巴轴短、肠道扭曲和脊索弯曲等畸形。20 μM 的 BPA 处理组胚胎在各个方面都受到严重损伤，表现出畸形、行为能力受损和组织损伤。还研究了 BPA 对非洲爪蟾胚胎 DNA 完整性和细胞凋亡的影响。暴露于高于 0.1 μM 的 BPA 浓度显著诱导 DNA 损伤（p<0.05）。10 和 20 μM 的 BPA 处理组胚胎的裂解 caspase-3 蛋白水平明显高于对照组。10 μM 和 20 μM 处理组的 bax/bcl-2 mRNA 比值明显高于对照组。总体而言，数据表明 BPA 可以延迟早期发育，诱导 DNA 损伤和细胞凋亡，最终导致非洲爪蟾胚胎出现多种畸形。
