Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radon and NORM, Berlin, Germany.
Federal Office for Radiation Protection (BfS), Section Radon and NORM, Berlin, Germany.
Sci Total Environ. 2021 Aug 1;780:146601. doi: 10.1016/j.scitotenv.2021.146601. Epub 2021 Mar 19.
Indoor radon is considered as an indoor air pollutant due to its carcinogenic effect. Since the main source of indoor radon is the ground beneath the house, we utilize the geogenic radon potential (GRP) and a geogenic radon hazard index (GRHI) for predicting the geogenic component of the indoor Rn hazard in Germany. For this purpose, we link indoor radon data (n = 44,629) to maps of GRP and GRHI and fit logistic regression models to calculate the probabilities that indoor Rn exceeds thresholds of 100 Bq/m and 300 Bq/m. The estimated probability was averaged for every municipality by considering only the estimates within the built-up area. Finally, the mean exceedance probability per municipality was coupled with the respective residential building stock for estimating the number of buildings with indoor Rn above 100 Bq/m and 300 Bq/m for each municipality. We found that (1) GRHI is a better predictor than GRP for indoor radon hazard in Germany, (2) the estimated number of buildings above 100 Bq/m and 300 Bq/m in Germany is ~2 million (11.6% of all residential buildings) and ~ 350,000 (1.9%), respectively, (3) areas where 300 Bq/m exceedance is greater than 10% comprise only 0.8% of the German building stock but 6.3% of buildings with indoor Rn exceeding 300 Bq/m, and (4) most urban areas and, hence, most buildings (77%) are located in low hazard regions. The implications for Rn protection are twofold: (1) the Rn priority area concept is cost-efficient in a sense that it allows to find the most buildings that exceed a threshold concentration with a given amount of resources, and (2) for an optimal reduction of lung cancer risk areas outside of Rn priority areas must be addressed since most hazardous indoor Rn concentrations occur in low to medium hazard areas.
室内氡被认为是一种室内空气污染物，因为它具有致癌作用。由于室内氡的主要来源是房屋下方的地面，因此我们利用地球成因氡潜能（GRP）和地球成因氡危害指数（GRHI）来预测德国室内Rn 危害的地球成因成分。为此，我们将室内氡数据（n=44629）与 GRP 和 GRHI 地图联系起来，并拟合逻辑回归模型来计算室内 Rn 超过 100 Bq/m 和 300 Bq/m 阈值的概率。估计的概率是通过仅考虑建成区内的估计值，为每个直辖市平均得出的。最后，将每个直辖市的平均超标概率与相应的住宅建筑存量相结合，以估算每个直辖市内室内 Rn 超过 100 Bq/m 和 300 Bq/m 的建筑物数量。我们发现：（1）GRHI 是德国室内氡危害的更好预测指标，（2）德国超过 100 Bq/m 和 300 Bq/m 的建筑物数量估计约为 200 万（所有住宅建筑的 11.6%）和~35 万（1.9%），（3）300 Bq/m 超标率大于 10%的区域仅占德国建筑存量的 0.8%，但 300 Bq/m 以上的建筑物比例为 6.3%，（4）大多数城市地区，因此，大多数建筑物（77%）位于低危害区。Rn 保护的影响有两个方面：（1）Rn 优先区的概念在某种意义上是具有成本效益的，因为它可以用给定数量的资源找到超过阈值浓度的最多建筑物，（2）为了优化降低肺癌风险，必须解决 Rn 优先区以外的区域，因为大多数危险的室内 Rn 浓度出现在低到中等危害区域。
