Riaz Salman, Tabassum Misbah
Medical Skills and Simulation Centre, Arabian Gulf University, Bahrain.
J Ayub Med Coll Abbottabad. 2021 Jan-Mar;33(1):75-81.
Perspectives of practicing medicine have rapidly changed due to global shift and interconnectedness. Doctors who do not develop their leadership skills may lack the acumen to make significant choices which enhance the quality and effectiveness of care. Pakistan is one of those countries that have not yet introduced the leadership skills training for undergraduate medical students. Aim of this study was to perform "a perceived need analysis for teaching leadership skills to undergraduate medical students in Pakistan".
The study was designed using phenomenological approach to gain detailed insights into what the research participants think about leadership. Qualitative methods were used for data collection and analysis. Data were collected from fourteen medial students in their 3rd, 4th and 5th year and eight staff members of medical colleges through semi-structured interviews and focus group discussion respectively. Thematic analysis was used for data analysis.
Participants agreed that leadership skills are necessary for successful medical practice and can be learnt with timely and proper guidance. Need to introduce a leadership curriculum for undergraduates was recognised to acquire skills for pressure handling before entering clinical practice. The view was common that doctors in Pakistan are good at clinical skills but have no or weak leadership skills, affecting their clinical practice. Transformational leadership that encompasses behaviours resulting in empowering, inspiring and challenging the followers to make them capable of reaching their full potential was recommended necessary for developing successful physician leaders. Simulated scenarios, case-based learning, lecture-based modules and peer-led case discussions were suggested as the useful methods for course delivery. Formative method of assessment with feedback was suggested rather than summative assessment.
There is a perceived need to introduce a leadership course in early years of medical curriculum of Pakistan, as participants acknowledge the importance of clinical leadership and depicted the preparedness to have leadership education implemented in the curriculum.
由于全球转变和相互联系，医学实践的视角迅速发生了变化。未培养领导技能的医生可能缺乏做出能提高医疗质量和效果的重大决策的敏锐度。巴基斯坦是尚未为本科医学生引入领导技能培训的国家之一。本研究的目的是对“巴基斯坦本科医学生领导技能教学的感知需求进行分析”。
本研究采用现象学方法设计，以深入了解研究参与者对领导力的看法。使用定性方法进行数据收集和分析。分别通过半结构化访谈和焦点小组讨论，从14名大三、大四和大五的医学生以及医学院的8名工作人员收集数据。采用主题分析法进行数据分析。
参与者一致认为，领导技能对于成功的医疗实践是必要的，并且可以通过及时和适当的指导来学习。人们认识到需要为本科生引入领导力课程，以便在进入临床实践之前获得应对压力的技能。普遍的观点是，巴基斯坦的医生临床技能良好，但领导技能欠缺或薄弱，这影响了他们的临床实践。建议发展成功的医生领导者需要变革型领导，这种领导包括能赋予追随者权力、激励并挑战他们，使他们能够充分发挥潜力的行为。模拟场景、基于案例的学习、基于讲座的模块和同伴主导的案例讨论被认为是课程讲授的有用方法。建议采用有反馈的形成性评估方法，而不是总结性评估。
由于参与者认识到临床领导力的重要性，并表示愿意在课程中实施领导力教育，因此人们感觉到有必要在巴基斯坦医学课程的早期阶段引入领导力课程。
