Burnyasheva A O, Stefanova N A, Rudnitskaya E A
Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS), 10 Lavrentyeva Ave., Novosibirsk 630090, Russian Federation, e-mail:
Adv Gerontol. 2020;33(6):1080-1087.
Adult neurogenesis is one of the key mechanisms of the brain plasticity. Increase in the number of cells participating in the rearrangement of the neuronal circuits and synaptic formation facilitates the increase of brain's functional capacity. However, aging as well as neurodegenerative disorders lead to the disruption of the neurogenic niche microenvironment and the loss of molecular control, which in turn results in the significant decline of the neurogenesis. These events may contribute to the cognitive decline and the consequent development of dementia. Alzheimer's disease is a progressive incurable age-related neurodegenerative disorder in the elderly and the most prevalent cause of dementia. Hippocampus and entorhinal cortex are the key neurogenic niches in the adult brain and one of the most vulnerable brain areas during the development of Alzheimer's disease. Thus, neurodegeneration associated with the development of Alzheimer's disease affects adult neurogenesis. However, to date the mechanisms underlying this connection are unclear, and the investigation of these mechanisms is a promising strategy to find the approaches to correct the Alzheimer's disease pathology.
成体神经发生是大脑可塑性的关键机制之一。参与神经回路重排和突触形成的细胞数量增加，有助于提高大脑的功能能力。然而，衰老以及神经退行性疾病会导致神经发生微环境的破坏和分子调控的丧失，进而导致神经发生显著下降。这些事件可能导致认知能力下降以及随之而来的痴呆症发展。阿尔茨海默病是老年人中一种进行性不可治愈的年龄相关性神经退行性疾病，也是痴呆症最常见的病因。海马体和内嗅皮质是成体大脑中的关键神经发生微环境，也是阿尔茨海默病发展过程中最脆弱的脑区之一。因此，与阿尔茨海默病发展相关的神经退行性变会影响成体神经发生。然而，迄今为止，这种联系背后的机制尚不清楚，对这些机制的研究是寻找纠正阿尔茨海默病病理方法的一个有前景的策略。
