Naser Abu Mohd, Rahman Mahbubur, Unicomb Leanne, Parvez Sarker Masud, Islam Shariful, Doza Solaiman, Khan Golam Kibria, Ahmed Kazi Matin, Anand Shuchi, Luby Stephen P, Shamsudduha Mohammad, Gribble Matthew O, Narayan K M Venkat, Clasen Thomas F
Emory Global Diabetes Research Center, Hubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health Sciences, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
NPJ Clean Water. 2020 Apr 24;3:20. doi: 10.1038/s41545-020-0067-5.
This study explores the associations of drinking rainwater with mineral intake and cardiometabolic health in the Bangladeshi population. We pooled 10030 person-visit data on drinking water sources, blood pressure (BP) and 24-h urine minerals. Fasting blood glucose (FBG) was measured in 3724 person-visits, and lipids in 1118 person-visits. We measured concentrations of sodium (Na), potassium (K), calcium (Ca) and magnesium (Mg) in 253 rainwater, 935 groundwater and 130 pond water samples. We used multilevel linear or gamma regression models with participant-, household- and community-level random intercepts to estimate the associations of rainwater consumption with urine minerals and cardiometabolic biomarkers. Rainwater samples had the lowest concentrations of Na, K, Ca and Mg. Rainwater drinkers had lower urine minerals than coastal groundwater drinkers: -13.42 (95% CI: -18.27, -8.57) mmol Na/24 h, -2.00 (95% CI: -3.16, -0.85) mmol K/24 h and -0.57 (95% CI: -1.02, -0.16) mmol Mg/24 h. The ratio of median 24-hour urinary Ca for rainwater versus coastal groundwater drinkers was 0.72 (95% CI: 0.64, 0.80). Rainwater drinkers had 2.15 (95% CI: 1.02, 3.27) mm Hg higher systolic BP, 1.82 (95% CI: 1.19, 2.54) mm Hg higher diastolic BP, 0.59 (95% CI: 0.17, 1.01) mmol/L higher FBG and -2.02 (95% CI: -5.85, 0.81) mg/dl change in high-density lipoprotein cholesterol compared with the coastal groundwater drinkers. Drinking rainwater was associated with worse cardiometabolic health measures, which may be due to the lower intake of salubrious Ca, Mg and K.
本研究探讨了孟加拉人群饮用雨水与矿物质摄入及心脏代谢健康之间的关联。我们汇总了10030人次关于饮用水源、血压（BP）和24小时尿矿物质的数据。在3724人次中测量了空腹血糖（FBG），在1118人次中测量了血脂。我们测量了253份雨水、935份地下水和130份池塘水样本中钠（Na）、钾（K）、钙（Ca）和镁（Mg）的浓度。我们使用了具有参与者、家庭和社区层面随机截距的多水平线性或伽马回归模型，以估计饮用雨水与尿矿物质及心脏代谢生物标志物之间的关联。雨水样本中Na、K、Ca和Mg的浓度最低。饮用雨水者的尿矿物质含量低于沿海地区饮用地下水者：钠为-13.42（95%可信区间：-18.27，-8.57）mmol/24小时，钾为-2.00（95%可信区间：-3.16，-0.85）mmol/24小时，镁为-0.57（95%可信区间：-1.02，-0.16）mmol/24小时。饮用雨水者与沿海地区饮用地下水者相比，24小时尿钙中位数之比为0.72（95%可信区间：0.64，0.80）。饮用雨水者的收缩压比沿海地区饮用地下水者高2.15（95%可信区间：1.02，3.27）mmHg，舒张压高1.82（95%可信区间：1.19，2.54）mmHg，空腹血糖高0.59（95%可信区间：0.17，1.01）mmol/L，高密度脂蛋白胆固醇变化为-2.02（95%可信区间：-5.85，0.81）mg/dl。饮用雨水与较差的心脏代谢健康指标相关，这可能是由于有益健康的钙、镁和钾摄入量较低所致。
