Dong Jie, Zhao Xiaoyuan, Dong Hongbo, Yan Yinkun, Mi Jie
Pediatrics Research Institute of Hunan Province Hunan Children's Hospital Changsha Hunan China.
Department of Epidemiology Capital Institute of Pediatrics Beijing China.
Pediatr Investig. 2021 Mar 22;5(1):12-20. doi: 10.1002/ped4.12243. eCollection 2021 Mar.
Several methods have been established in recent decades that allow use of spot urine to estimate dietary sodium intake. However, their accuracies have been controversial in children.
To validate the performance of three commonly used methods-the Kawasaki, Tanaka, and International Cooperative Study on Salt, Other Factors, and Blood Pressure (INTERSALT) methods. Additionally, this study explored the accuracies of the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods by using spot urine samples taken at four separate times.
Forty-one adolescents aged 14 to 16 years completed two non-consecutive 24-hour urine collections and their mean values were used as reference data. The second-morning urine was used for assessment with the Kawasaki method; a casual spot urine and spot urine samples taken at four separate times (morning, afternoon, evening, and overnight) were used for assessment with the Tanaka and INTERSALT methods.
The mean differences were 1801 mg, 542 mg, 47 mg, and -31 mg for the Kawasaki, Tanaka, INTERSALT1 (with potassium), and INTERSALT2 (without potassium) methods with their required spot urine, respectively. The proportions of relative difference levels within ± 10% were 4.9% for the Kawasaki method, 19.5% for the Tanaka method, 36.6% for the INTERSALT1 method, and 36.6% for the INTERSALT2 method.
The INTERSALT method seemed to provide minimally biased estimations of mean population sodium intake with casual spot urine. However, there is a need to be cautious regarding inconsistencies in estimation among different levels of sodium intake. The methods assessed in this study were unable to accurately estimate sodium intake at the individual level.
近几十年来已建立了多种方法，可利用随机尿样来估算膳食钠摄入量。然而，这些方法在儿童中的准确性一直存在争议。
验证三种常用方法——川崎法、田中法以及盐、其他因素与血压国际合作研究（INTERSALT）法的性能。此外，本研究通过使用在四个不同时间采集的随机尿样，探讨了田中法和INTERSALT法的准确性。
41名14至16岁的青少年完成了两次非连续的24小时尿样收集，其平均值用作参考数据。用川崎法评估第二天早晨的尿样；用田中法和INTERSALT法评估随机尿样以及在四个不同时间（早晨、下午、晚上和夜间）采集的尿样。
川崎法、田中法、INTERSALT1法（含钾）和INTERSALT2法（不含钾）与其所需随机尿样的平均差异分别为1801毫克、542毫克、47毫克和 -31毫克。相对差异水平在±10%以内的比例，川崎法为4.9%，田中法为19.5%，INTERSALT1法为36.6%，INTERSALT2法为36.6%。
INTERSALT法似乎能通过随机尿样对总体钠摄入量提供偏差最小的估计。然而，对于不同钠摄入水平估计值的不一致性仍需谨慎。本研究中评估的方法无法在个体水平上准确估计钠摄入量。
