Department of Thermal Engineering and Industrial Facilities, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Opole University of Technology, Opole, Poland.
Department of Renewable Energy, Institute of Technology and Life Sciences in Falenty, Poznań, Poland.
Environ Sci Pollut Res Int. 2021 Aug;28(30):41181-41190. doi: 10.1007/s11356-021-13575-5. Epub 2021 Mar 29.
The revision of the Drinking Water Directive (DWD), which the process of consultation by the European Parliament is coming to the end, includes a commitment for all Member States to assess the level of water leakage. The overarching aim of this action is to reduce water loss through leaks. In regard to this, use of performance indicators as suitable to enable assessment of water utility performance with regard to leakage reduction, including impacts on environment and cost-efficiency, is recommended. The paper provides results from water losses evaluation with the set of performance indicators (PI), considering dependence on the availability of resources and specific operating conditions. An analysis of different PI that are necessary to evaluate in most of leakage reduction methods was conducted considering step-by-step approach. Furthermore, the most relevant data for leakage analysis and management on a network level was determined. Presented PI can be used to improve leakage management of small water supply system. Similarly as in the Deming cycle, the described tool provides for planning activities, executing activities in accordance with the plan, checking the degree of execution of objectives included in the plan, and on the basis of conducted analyses and lessons learned, the so-called improvement. The results of the analysis lead to the conclusion that through a comprehensive, systematically improved strategy, the high effectiveness of the system could be reach. The reliable monitoring does not have to be based on advanced technological methods, which are often unavailable for small water supply system, due to high investment and operating costs. The results indicate that integrated IT systems, as SCADA, might not be directly beneficial to water loss management in small networks with moderate leakage levels.
《饮用水指令》（DWD）的修订工作已进入欧洲议会的磋商阶段，修订版要求所有成员国评估漏水水平。此举的首要目标是减少漏水造成的水资源损失。为此，建议使用绩效指标来评估水企在减少漏水方面的绩效，包括对环境和成本效益的影响。本文通过使用绩效指标（PI）评估水损，提供了考虑资源可用性和特定运行条件的结果。考虑到逐步的方法，对不同的 PI 进行了分析，这些 PI 是评估大多数漏水减少方法所必需的。此外，还确定了在网络层面上进行漏水分析和管理所需的最相关数据。提出的 PI 可用于改善小型供水系统的漏水管理。与戴明循环类似，所描述的工具为计划活动提供了规划，按照计划执行活动，检查计划中包含的目标的执行程度，并根据进行的分析和经验教训进行所谓的改进。分析结果得出的结论是，通过全面、系统地改进战略，可以实现系统的高有效性。可靠的监测不一定基于先进的技术方法，因为这些方法对于投资和运营成本较高的小型供水系统来说往往无法使用。结果表明，对于漏水水平适中的小型网络，综合的 IT 系统（如 SCADA）可能不会直接有利于漏水管理。
