Removal of histamine from biological samples by functionalized FeO@Agarose@Silica nanoparticles and its fast determination by ion mobility spectrometry.

A three-step process was developed for the synthesis of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles coated with agarose, their functionalization with iminodiacetic acid (IDA) and layering of the particles with a silica shell. The prepared FeO@Agarose/IDA@Silica nanoparticles were characterized by scanning electron microscopy, energy dispersive X-ray analysis and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Ion mobility spectrometry (IMS) was successfully used for the ultrafast and interference free determination of histamine in serum samples in this work. Effect of different parameters on histamine adsorption by the nanoparticles such as pH, ionic strength, contact time and adsorbent amount were investigated. Under the optimized conditions, adsorption capacities up to 178 mg g of the adsorbent were obtained. For interpreting histamine adsorption on the nanoparticles, the adsorption isotherms were studied and the Freundlich model was found to be more applicable than the Langmuir model. It was found that the prepared nanoparticles could remove up to 92 % of histamine from human serum samples.