Department of Geriatrics, Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China.
Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Pediatrics, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing, China.
Ren Fail. 2021 Jan 1;43(1):619-642. doi: 10.1080/0886022X.2021.1901739.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) and chronic kidney disease (CKD) are posing great threats to global health within this century. Studies have suggested that estrogen and estrogen receptors (ERs) play important roles in many physiological processes in the kidney. For instance, they are crucial in maintaining mitochondrial homeostasis and modulating endothelin-1 (ET-1) system in the kidney. Estrogen takes part in the kidney repair and regeneration its receptors. Estrogen also participates in the regulation of phosphorus homeostasis its receptors in the proximal tubule. The ERα polymorphisms have been associated with the susceptibilities and outcomes of several renal diseases. As a consequence, the altered or dysregulated estrogen/ERs signaling pathways may contribute to a variety of kidney diseases, including various causes-induced AKI, diabetic kidney disease (DKD), lupus nephritis (LN), IgA nephropathy (IgAN), CKD complications, etc. Experimental and clinical studies have shown that targeting estrogen/ERs signaling pathways might have protective effects against certain renal disorders. However, many unsolved problems still exist in knowledge regarding the roles of estrogen and ERs in distinct kidney diseases. Further research is needed to shed light on this area and to enable the discovery of pathway-specific therapies for kidney diseases.
急性肾损伤（AKI）和慢性肾脏病（CKD）在本世纪对全球健康构成了巨大威胁。研究表明，雌激素和雌激素受体（ER）在肾脏的许多生理过程中发挥着重要作用。例如，它们在维持肾脏中线粒体平衡和调节内皮素-1（ET-1）系统方面至关重要。雌激素参与肾脏修复和再生及其受体。雌激素还参与调节近端肾小管中的磷稳态及其受体。雌激素受体α的多态性与多种肾脏疾病的易感性和结局有关。因此，改变或失调的雌激素/ER 信号通路可能导致多种肾脏疾病，包括各种原因引起的 AKI、糖尿病肾病（DKD）、狼疮性肾炎（LN）、IgA 肾病（IgAN）、CKD 并发症等。实验和临床研究表明，针对雌激素/ER 信号通路可能对某些肾脏疾病具有保护作用。然而，关于雌激素和 ER 在不同肾脏疾病中的作用，仍有许多悬而未决的问题。需要进一步的研究来阐明这一领域，并为肾脏疾病发现特定途径的治疗方法。
