Liu Xiangsi, Liang Ziteng, Xiang Yuxuan, Lin Min, Li Qi, Liu Zigeng, Zhong Guiming, Fu Riqiang, Yang Yong
State Key Laboratory for Physical Chemistry of Solid Surfaces, Department of Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Xiamen University, Xiamen, 361005, P. R. China.
Forschungszentrum Jülich, IEK-9, 52425, Jülich, Germany.
Adv Mater. 2021 Dec;33(50):e2005878. doi: 10.1002/adma.202005878. Epub 2021 Mar 31.
Enhancing the electrochemical performance of batteries, including the lifespan, energy, and power densities, is an everlasting quest for the rechargeable battery community. However, the dynamic and coupled (electro)chemical processes that occur in the electrode materials as well as at the electrode/electrolyte interfaces complicate the investigation of their working and decay mechanisms. Herein, the recent developments and applications of solid-state nuclear magnetic resonance (ssNMR) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) techniques in Li/Na batteries are reviewed. Several typical cases including the applications of NMR spectroscopy for the investigation of the pristine structure and the dynamic structural evolution of materials are first emphasized. The NMR applications in analyzing the solid electrolyte interfaces (SEI) on the electrode are further concluded, involving the identification of SEI components and investigation of ionic motion through the interfaces. Beyond, the new development of in situ NMR and MRI techniques are highlighted, including their advantages, challenges, applications and the design principle of in situ cell. In the end, a prospect about how to use ssNMR in battery research from the perspectives of materials, interface, and in situ NMR, aiming at obtaining deeper insight of batteries with the assistance of ssNMR is represented.
提高电池的电化学性能，包括寿命、能量和功率密度，是可充电电池领域一直以来的追求。然而，电极材料以及电极/电解质界面处发生的动态耦合（电）化学过程，使得研究它们的工作和衰减机制变得复杂。在此，综述了固态核磁共振（ssNMR）和磁共振成像（MRI）技术在锂/钠电池中的最新进展及应用。首先强调了几个典型案例，包括利用核磁共振波谱研究材料的原始结构和动态结构演变。进一步总结了核磁共振在分析电极上的固体电解质界面（SEI）方面的应用，包括识别SEI成分以及研究离子通过界面的运动。此外，突出了原位核磁共振和MRI技术的新进展，包括它们的优势、挑战、应用以及原位电池的设计原理。最后，从材料、界面和原位核磁共振的角度阐述了如何在电池研究中使用ssNMR的展望，旨在借助ssNMR更深入地了解电池。
