Department of Environmental and Biological Sciences, University of Eastern Finland, Joensuu, 80100, Finland.
Biological and Environmental Sciences & Engineering Division, Red Sea Research Center, King Abdullah University of Science and Technology, Thuwal, 23955-6900, Saudi Arabia.
G3 (Bethesda). 2021 May 7;11(5). doi: 10.1093/g3journal/jkab094.
Hymenoptera is a hyperdiverse insect order represented by over 153,000 different species. As many hymenopteran species perform various crucial roles for our environments, such as pollination, herbivory, and parasitism, they are of high economic and ecological importance. There are 99 hymenopteran genomes in the NCBI database, yet only five are representative of the paraphyletic suborder Symphyta (sawflies, woodwasps, and horntails), while the rest represent the suborder Apocrita (bees, wasps, and ants). Here, using a combination of 10X Genomics linked-read sequencing, Oxford Nanopore long-read technology, and Illumina short-read data, we assembled the genomes of two willow-galling sawflies (Hymenoptera: Tenthredinidae: Nematinae: Euurina): the bud-galling species Euura lappo and the leaf-galling species Eupontania aestiva. The final assembly for E. lappo is 259.85 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 209.0 kbp and a BUSCO score of 93.5%. The E. aestiva genome is 222.23 Mbp in size, with a contig N50 of 49.7 kbp and a 90.2% complete BUSCO score. De novo annotation of repetitive elements showed that 27.45% of the genome was composed of repetitive elements in E. lappo and 16.89% in E. aestiva, which is a marked increase compared to previously published hymenopteran genomes. The genomes presented here provide a resource for inferring phylogenetic relationships among basal hymenopterans, comparative studies on host-related genomic adaptation in plant-feeding insects, and research on the mechanisms of plant manipulation by gall-inducing insects.
膜翅目是一个高度多样化的昆虫目，代表了超过 15.3 万种不同的物种。由于许多膜翅目物种在我们的环境中扮演着各种关键的角色，如授粉、草食和寄生，它们具有很高的经济和生态重要性。NCBI 数据库中有 99 个膜翅目基因组，但只有 5 个代表了并系的外群 Symphyta（锯蜂、木蜂和长尾蜂），其余的则代表了 Apocrita（蜜蜂、黄蜂和蚂蚁）。在这里，我们使用 10X Genomics 连接读取测序、Oxford Nanopore 长读取技术和 Illumina 短读取数据，组装了两种柳树瘿蜂（膜翅目：叶蜂科：Nematinae：Euurina）的基因组：芽瘿种 Euura lappo 和叶瘿种 Eupontania aestiva。E. lappo 的最终组装大小为 259.85 Mbp，contig N50 为 209.0 kbp，BUSCO 得分为 93.5%。E. aestiva 基因组大小为 222.23 Mbp，contig N50 为 49.7 kbp，BUSCO 得分为 90.2%。重复元件的从头注释表明，在 E. lappo 中有 27.45%的基因组由重复元件组成，在 E. aestiva 中有 16.89%，与之前发表的膜翅目基因组相比，这是一个显著的增加。这里呈现的基因组为推断基础膜翅目之间的系统发育关系、研究与植物取食昆虫相关的基因组适应性比较、以及研究诱导瘿昆虫操纵植物的机制提供了资源。
