Kakou Danho Jeannette Bassimbié, Atiméré Yao Nicaise, Koné Daouda, Yéo Donafologo Daouda, Couitchéré Line
UFR Sciences Médicales d'Abidjan, Université Felix Houphouët Boigny, Abidjan, Côte d'Ivoire.
Adv Hematol. 2021 Mar 19;2021:8862039. doi: 10.1155/2021/8862039. eCollection 2021.
Sickle cell disease is a hereditary disease that predominantly affects black people. It is very widespread in sub-Saharan Africa, particularly at the Lehmann "sickle belt" level, where the prevalence of the hemoglobin S involves at least 10% of the population in West Africa and can reach 40% in Central Africa. In Côte d'Ivoire, the prevalence of the hemoglobin S is about 12-14% in the general population and about 11.71% in the child population in Abidjan. On the other hand, its coexistence with other hemoglobin phenotypes such as AC (6.2%) and -thalassemia (2.7%) traits may also cause composite heterogeneous sickle cell disease, e.g., SC or S/thalassemia in this study. Since 2009, sickle cell disease has been recognized as a public health problem; however, much still remains to be performed despite the progress achieved. The objective of this study is thus to promote a rapid screening for the struggling against sickle cell disease in Côte d'Ivoire. This study was carried out over 6 months (April-September 2019) and has included 336 children, of which 236 all-comers, recruited in the municipality of Treichville in Abidjan and 100 other children with already known hemoglobin phenotype followed up in the Hematology Department of the University Hospital of Treichville. Two tests were used: the HemoTypeSC™ for rapid screening and the hemoglobin electrophoresis which is the reference method used for confirming the diagnosis in the laboratory. The findings confirmed the reliability of the HemoTypeSC™ with a sensitivity and specificity at 100% for the detection of hemoglobin A, S, and C. On the other hand, this sensitivity and specificity drop to 98.2% and 99.7%, respectively, when we analyze all the 336 children together, including the cases with HbF detected by hemoglobin electrophoresis. Hence, the importance of performing certainty tests following the HemoTypeSC™ screening test in order to determine the accurate phenotypes and proportions of the types of hemoglobin. The prevalence of hemoglobin S in subgroup 1 of 236 children of all-comers was 15%. The HemoTypeSC™ is therefore reliable, inexpensive, and disposable for rapid screening and early detection of sickle cell disease in Côte d'Ivoire. The HemoTypeSC™ provides rapid detection of hemoglobin phenotypes HbAA, HbSS, HbSC, HbCC, HbAS, and HbAC.
镰状细胞病是一种主要影响黑人的遗传性疾病。它在撒哈拉以南非洲非常普遍，特别是在莱曼“镰状带”地区，在那里血红蛋白S的患病率在西非至少涉及10%的人口，在中非可达40%。在科特迪瓦，普通人群中血红蛋白S的患病率约为12 - 14%，阿比让儿童人群中约为11.71%。另一方面，它与其他血红蛋白表型如AC（6.2%）和β地中海贫血（2.7%）特征的共存也可能导致复合性异质性镰状细胞病，例如本研究中的SC或S/地中海贫血。自2009年以来，镰状细胞病已被确认为一个公共卫生问题；然而，尽管取得了进展，但仍有许多工作要做。因此，本研究的目的是促进在科特迪瓦对镰状细胞病进行快速筛查。本研究历时6个月（2019年4月至9月），纳入了336名儿童，其中236名是在阿比让特雷什维尔市招募的普通儿童，另外100名是在特雷什维尔大学医院血液科随访的已知血红蛋白表型的儿童。使用了两种检测方法：用于快速筛查的HemoTypeSC™和作为实验室确诊参考方法的血红蛋白电泳。研究结果证实了HemoTypeSC™的可靠性，其检测血红蛋白A、S和C的灵敏度和特异性均为100%。另一方面，当我们对所有336名儿童进行综合分析，包括通过血红蛋白电泳检测出HbF的病例时，这种灵敏度和特异性分别降至98.2%和99.7%。因此，在HemoTypeSC™筛查试验后进行确定性检测以确定血红蛋白类型的准确表型和比例非常重要。在236名普通儿童的第1亚组中，血红蛋白S的患病率为15%。因此，HemoTypeSC™在科特迪瓦用于镰状细胞病的快速筛查和早期检测是可靠、廉价且一次性使用的。HemoTypeSC™可快速检测血红蛋白表型HbAA、HbSS、HbSC、HbCC、HbAS和HbAC。
