Staub Nancy L
Department of Integrative Biology, Museum of Vertebrate Zoology, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA.
Integr Org Biol. 2020 Dec 21;3(1):obaa044. doi: 10.1093/iob/obaa044. eCollection 2021.
While sexual dimorphism has long received special attention from biologists, derived monomorphism, the condition in which both males and females express similar derived features has been less well studied. Historically, the appearance of "male-like" features in females has been explained by the genetic correlation between the sexes. Recent work emphasizes the importance of studying the independent selective forces on both females and males to understand sexual dimorphism. Sexual dimorphism and derived monomorphism in the genus are examined in light of predictions of social selection. shows the greatest degree of sexual dimorphism in snout-vent length and head width, with the other species of less sexually dimorphic. This reduced dimorphism, however, is not a return to an ancestral monomorphic state, but rather exemplifies derived monomorphism because females express traits that were limited in expression to males of ancestral species. Instead of calling these "male-typical" traits in females, I suggest the term "derived monomorphic" traits as these traits are typical in these females, and "derived monomorphic" can apply to both sexes. Increased attention to studying the patterns and ecological significance of derived monomorphism will shed light on the underlying selective forces, including sexual selection, on both females and males.
虽然两性异形长期以来一直受到生物学家的特别关注，但衍生单态性，即雄性和雌性都表现出相似衍生特征的情况，却较少得到充分研究。从历史上看，雌性中出现“雄性样”特征一直是用两性之间的遗传相关性来解释的。最近的研究强调，研究对雌性和雄性的独立选择力对于理解两性异形的重要性。根据社会选择的预测，对该属中的两性异形和衍生单态性进行了研究。在吻肛长度和头部宽度方面表现出最大程度的两性异形，该属的其他物种两性异形程度较低。然而，这种减少的两性异形并非回归到祖先的单态状态，而是衍生单态性的例证，因为雌性表现出在祖先物种中仅在雄性中表达受限的特征。与其称雌性中的这些特征为“雄性典型”特征，我建议使用“衍生单态性”特征这一术语，因为这些特征在这些雌性中是典型的，并且“衍生单态性”适用于两性。对衍生单态性的模式和生态意义的研究给予更多关注，将有助于揭示包括性选择在内的、作用于雌性和雄性的潜在选择力。
