School of Demography, Australian National University College of Arts and Social Sciences, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia
School of Demography, Australian National University College of Arts and Social Sciences, Acton, Australian Capital Territory, Australia.
BMJ Open. 2021 Apr 1;11(4):e038445. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038445.
One in six young adults in the USA experiences parental imprisonment in childhood. Prior studies have associated parental imprisonment with risk of sexually transmitted infection (STI); however, potential data and methodological issues may have limited the reliability and accuracy of prior findings. Examining cumulative and longitudinal risk, we address several methodological limitations of prior studies and also examine comparative risk by respondent sex and ethnicity. We assess these associations using a range of control variables.
A national cohort study from the National Longitudinal Study of Adolescent to Adult Health using (1) a cross-sectional sample of adults at ages 24-32 years and (2) a longitudinal sample between ages 18 and 32 years. Both analyses estimate ORs for STI associated with parental imprisonment and examine variation by parent/child gender and respondent ethnicity.
In-home interviews in the USA at wave 1 (1994-1995), wave 3 (2001-2003) and wave 4 (2007-2009).
15 684 respondents completing interviews at wave 1 (ages 12-18 years) and wave 4 (ages 26-32 years), including 8556 women, 3437 black and 2397 respondents reporting parental imprisonment.
Father-only imprisonment is associated with 1.22 higher odds (95% CI: 1.09 to 1.37) of lifetime STI and 1.19 higher odds (95% CI: 1.01 to 1.41) of STI in the past 12 months between ages 18 and 32 years, adjusting for familial, neighbourhood, individual and sexual risk factors. Maternal imprisonment is not associated with higher risk of lifetime STI after adjusting for confounders (95% CI: 0.90 to 1.61). Examining predicted probabilities of STI, our findings show additive risks for women, black people and parental imprisonment.
Adjusting for confounders, only paternal imprisonment is associated with slightly elevated risk of annual and lifetime risk of STI. Additive effects show that parental imprisonment modestly increases ethnic and female risk for STI.
在美国，六分之一的年轻人在童年时期经历过父母入狱。先前的研究表明，父母入狱与性传播感染（STI）的风险有关；然而，潜在的数据和方法问题可能限制了先前研究结果的可靠性和准确性。通过检查累积和纵向风险，我们解决了先前研究的几个方法学限制问题，还通过受访者的性别和种族检查了比较风险。我们使用一系列控制变量来评估这些关联。
这项研究使用了来自全国青少年到成人健康纵向研究的一个全国性队列研究，（1）使用成年人在 24-32 岁时的横断面样本，以及（2）使用 18-32 岁之间的纵向样本。这两种分析都估计了与父母入狱相关的 STI 的比值比（OR），并检查了父母/子女性别和受访者种族的变化。
在美国的家庭访谈中，在第 1 波（1994-1995 年）、第 3 波（2001-2003 年）和第 4 波（2007-2009 年）进行。
15684 名完成第 1 波（12-18 岁）和第 4 波（26-32 岁）访谈的受访者，包括 8556 名女性、3437 名黑人以及 2397 名报告父母入狱的受访者。
仅父亲入狱与一生中 STI 的风险增加 1.22 倍（95%CI：1.09 至 1.37）和 18-32 岁期间过去 12 个月中 STI 的风险增加 1.19 倍（95%CI：1.01 至 1.41）相关，这是在调整了家庭、邻里、个人和性风险因素之后得出的。在调整了混杂因素后，母亲入狱与终生 STI 风险增加无关（95%CI：0.90 至 1.61）。通过检查 STI 的预测概率，我们的研究结果表明，女性、黑人以及父母入狱的风险呈累加性。
在调整混杂因素后，只有父亲入狱与每年和终生 STI 风险的略微增加风险相关。累加效应表明，父母入狱略微增加了性传播感染对种族和女性的风险。
