Crocker J, Alloy L B, Kayne N T
Department of Psychology, State University of New York, Buffalo 14260.
J Pers Soc Psychol. 1988 May;54(5):840-6. doi: 10.1037//0022-3514.54.5.840.
This study examined differences between depressed and nondepressed individuals' implicit perceptions of consensus, which may contribute to differences in their attributional styles. Subjects rated the extent to which positive, negative, and neutral events happen to themselves and to the average college student and completed measures of depth of depression and attributional style. Perceptions of consensus were highly correlated with all components of attributional style for negative and positive events. Hierarchical regression analyses revealed that ratings of others explained variance in attributional style beyond that explained by ratings of the self for positive but not for negative events. Path analyses, however, indicated that the indirect path from perceptions of consensus to depression mediated through attributional style was nonsignificant for positive events, although it was significant for negative events. These findings are discussed in terms of the role of perceptions of others as precursors of attributional style and depression.
本研究考察了抑郁个体与非抑郁个体在对共识的内隐认知上的差异，这种差异可能导致他们归因方式的不同。研究对象对积极、消极和中性事件发生在自己身上以及普通大学生身上的程度进行了评分，并完成了抑郁深度和归因方式的测量。对于消极和积极事件，对共识的认知与归因方式的所有成分都高度相关。分层回归分析表明，对于积极事件，他人评分解释了归因方式中的变异，超出了自我评分所解释的变异，但对于消极事件则不然。然而，路径分析表明，对于积极事件，通过归因方式介导的从对共识的认知到抑郁的间接路径不显著，尽管对于消极事件该路径是显著的。我们从他人认知作为归因方式和抑郁的先兆的作用方面对这些发现进行了讨论。
