Soboksa Negasa Eshete
School of Public Health, College of Health Sciences and Medicine, Dilla University, Dilla, Ethiopia.
Environ Health Insights. 2021 Mar 17;15:11786302211002552. doi: 10.1177/11786302211002552. eCollection 2021.
Diarrheal disease is one of the leading causes of death in children under the age of 5. Access to and use of improved water and sanitation services is associated with this, but there is little country-level evidence for this relationship in Ethiopia. Therefore, associations between improved water supply and sanitation usage and childhood diarrhea in Ethiopia have been identified as the objective of this study.
This study was a cross-sectional study using data from Ethiopia's 2016 Demographic and Health Survey. Through interviews with mothers/caregivers who had children under the age of 5 years, data was collected. The outcome of this study was the response of the mothers/caregivers interviewed to the 2-week occurrence of diarrhea. Logistic regression analysis was used to examine the relationship between dependent and independent variables.
The survey results found that the use of improved drinking water and latrine facilities was 59.3% (95% CI: 58.36-60.31) and 17.3% (95% CI: 16.59-18.09), respectively. With respect to the handling practices of child feces, 24.8% (95% CI: 23.8-25.70) of the child feces of the interviewed mothers/caregivers were disposed of safely. The prevalence of childhood diarrhea in the preceding 2 weeks was 11% (95% CI: 10.36-11.61). Residence of Somali Region (AOR = 1.81, 95% CI: 1.25-2.61), having more than 2 under-5 children (AOR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.46), having more than 5 family members (AOR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.03-1.36), sex of the indexed child (AOR = 0.88, 95% CI: 0.77-0.99) and unsafe child feces disposal practices (AOR: 1.32; 95% CI: 1.14-1.54) were significantly associated with childhood diarrhea.
Residing in the Somali region, having more than 2 children under the age of 5 and having more than 5 household members, indexed child sex, and safe disposal of child feces were significantly associated with diarrhea. Therefore, in Ethiopia, the prevention of childhood diarrhea should concentrate on eliminating household crowding and encouraging the safe disposal of child feces.
腹泻病是5岁以下儿童的主要死因之一。获得并使用改善后的水和卫生设施与之相关，但在埃塞俄比亚，几乎没有国家层面关于这种关系的证据。因此，本研究的目的是确定埃塞俄比亚改善后的供水和卫生设施使用情况与儿童腹泻之间的关联。
本研究是一项横断面研究，使用了埃塞俄比亚2016年人口与健康调查的数据。通过对有5岁以下儿童的母亲/照料者进行访谈来收集数据。本研究的结果是接受访谈的母亲/照料者对儿童两周内腹泻情况的回答。采用逻辑回归分析来检验因变量和自变量之间的关系。
调查结果发现，改善后的饮用水和厕所设施的使用率分别为59.3%（95%置信区间：58.36 - 60.31）和17.3%（95%置信区间：16.59 - 18.09）。关于儿童粪便的处理方式，接受访谈的母亲/照料者中有24.8%（95%置信区间：23.8 - 25.70）的儿童粪便得到了安全处理。前两周儿童腹泻的患病率为11%（95%置信区间：10.36 - 11.61）。索马里州的居住情况（比值比 = 1.81，95%置信区间：1.25 - 2.61）、有超过2名5岁以下儿童（比值比 = 1.21，95%置信区间：1.01 - 1.46）、有超过5名家庭成员（比值比 = 1.18，95%置信区间：1.03 - 1.36）、索引儿童的性别（比值比 = 0.88，95%置信区间：0.77 - 0.99）以及不安全的儿童粪便处理方式（比值比：1.32；95%置信区间：1.14 - 1.54）与儿童腹泻显著相关。
居住在索马里州、有超过2名5岁以下儿童、有超过5名家庭成员、索引儿童的性别以及儿童粪便的安全处理与腹泻显著相关。因此，在埃塞俄比亚，预防儿童腹泻应集中于消除家庭拥挤并鼓励安全处理儿童粪便。
