Huang Jie, Chen Xinxin, Fu Xuekun, Li Zheng, Huang Yuhong, Liang Chao
Department of Biology, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, China.
Front Cell Dev Biol. 2021 Mar 16;9:659760. doi: 10.3389/fcell.2021.659760. eCollection 2021.
The discovery and identification of biomarkers promote the rational and fast development of medical diagnosis and therapeutics. Clinically, the application of ideal biomarkers still is limited due to the suboptimal technology in biomarker discovery. Aptamers are single-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid or ribonucleic acid molecules and can selectively bind to varied targets with high affinity and specificity. Compared with antibody, aptamers have desirable advantages, such as flexible design, easy synthesis and convenient modification with different functional groups. Currently, different aptamer-based technologies have been developed to facilitate biomarker discovery, especially CELL-SELEX and SOMAScan technology. CELL-SELEX technology is mainly used to identify cell membrane surface biomarkers of various cells. SOMAScan technology is an unbiased biomarker detection method that can analyze numerous and even thousands of proteins in complex biological samples at the same time. It has now become a large-scale multi-protein biomarker discovery platform. In this review, we introduce the aptamer-based biomarker discovery technologies, and summarize and highlight the discovered emerging biomarkers recently in several diseases.
生物标志物的发现与鉴定推动了医学诊断与治疗的合理且快速发展。在临床上，由于生物标志物发现技术尚不完善，理想生物标志物的应用仍然有限。适体是单链脱氧核糖核酸或核糖核酸分子，能够以高亲和力和特异性选择性地结合各种靶标。与抗体相比，适体具有诸多理想优势，如设计灵活、易于合成以及便于用不同功能基团进行修饰。目前，已开发出不同的基于适体的技术来促进生物标志物的发现，尤其是细胞指数富集配体系统（CELL-SELEX）和SOMAScan技术。CELL-SELEX技术主要用于鉴定各种细胞的细胞膜表面生物标志物。SOMAScan技术是一种无偏差的生物标志物检测方法，可同时分析复杂生物样品中的多种甚至数千种蛋白质。它现已成为一个大规模的多蛋白生物标志物发现平台。在本综述中，我们介绍基于适体的生物标志物发现技术，并总结和重点介绍最近在几种疾病中发现的新兴生物标志物。
