Conservation and Evolutionary Genetics Group, Estación Biológica de Doñana (EBD-CSIC), Seville, Spain.
Department of Biodiversity and Evolutionary Biology, Museo Nacional de Ciencias Naturales (MNCN-CSIC), Madrid, Spain.
Mol Phylogenet Evol. 2021 Aug;161:107167. doi: 10.1016/j.ympev.2021.107167. Epub 2021 Mar 30.
Mountain ranges offer opportunities for understanding how species evolved and diversified across different environmental conditions. Neotropical frogs of the genus Oreobates (Anura: Craugastoridae) are adapted to highland and lowland habitats along the Andes, but many aspects of their evolution remain unknown. We studied their evolutionary history using ~18,000 exons enriched by targeted sequence-capture. Since capture success was very variable across samples, we evaluated to what degree differing data filtering produced robust inferences. The inferred evolutionary framework evidenced phylogenetic discordances among lowland species that can be explained by taxonomic misidentification or admixture of ancestral lineages. Highland species showed smaller effective populations than lowland frogs, probably due to greater habitat fragmentation in montane environments. Stronger genetic drift likely decreased the power of purifying selection and led to an increased proportion of nonsynonymous mutations in highland populations that could play an important role in their adaptation. Overall, our work sheds light on the evolutionary history and diversification of this group of Neotropical frogs along elevational gradients in the Andes as well as on their patterns of intraspecific diversity.
山脉为了解物种如何在不同的环境条件下进化和多样化提供了机会。安第斯山脉的 Oreobates 属（蛙形目：Craugastoridae）的新热带蛙适应高地和低地生境，但它们进化的许多方面仍然未知。我们使用靶向序列捕获富集的约 18000 个外显子研究了它们的进化历史。由于在不同样本中捕获成功率差异很大，我们评估了不同的数据过滤程度对产生稳健推论的影响。推断出的进化框架表明，低地物种之间存在系统发育分歧，这可以用分类鉴定错误或祖先谱系的混合来解释。高地物种的有效种群比低地青蛙小，这可能是由于山地环境中栖息地的破碎化更大。更强的遗传漂变可能降低了净化选择的能力，并导致高地种群中非同义突变的比例增加，这可能在它们的适应中发挥重要作用。总的来说，我们的工作揭示了这组新热带蛙在安第斯山脉海拔梯度上的进化历史和多样化，以及它们种内多样性的模式。
