芴-9-双酚对普通小球藻的毒性效应及其代谢归宿

Toxic effect of fluorene-9-bisphenol to green algae Chlorella vulgaris and its metabolic fate.

作者信息

Zhang Huijun, Ding Tengda, Luo Xu, Li Juying

机构信息

Shenzhen Key Laboratory of Environmental Chemistry and Ecological Remediation, College of Chemistry and Environmental Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen 518060, China.

出版信息

Ecotoxicol Environ Saf. 2021 Mar 30;216:112158. doi: 10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112158.

DOI:10.1016/j.ecoenv.2021.112158

PMID:33798865

Abstract

Fluorene-9-bisphenol (BHPF), a bisphenol A (BPA) alternative, has recently attracted attention due to its wide use and potential toxicity. However, the toxic effects and fate of BHPF in freshwater algae remains to be elucidated. In this study, the impact of BHPF on Chlorella vulgaris was explored and the removal and bioaccumulation of BHPF by Chlorella vulgaris were investigated. Results showed that C. vulgaris was sensitive to BHPF at the concentration of >1 mg L, and lipid peroxidation was significantly increased under the exposure of >0.1 mg BHPF L. An oxidative stress was caused by BHPF, as the activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) were significantly decreased in algal cells by >0.5 mg BHPF L. The removal rate of BHPF was significantly enhanced by the addition of algae. In addition, the increasing accumulation of BHPF in algae at concentrations ranging from 0.5 to 5 mg L was observed and may contribute for the increased toxicity of BHPF to C. vulgaris. Ultra-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) results demonstrated that three metabolites of BHPF were identified in algal cells, which may pose an unexpected effect in aquatic environment.

摘要

芴-9-双酚（BHPF）是双酚A（BPA）的替代品，由于其广泛使用和潜在毒性，最近受到了关注。然而，BHPF在淡水藻类中的毒性效应和归宿仍有待阐明。在本研究中，探讨了BHPF对普通小球藻的影响，并研究了普通小球藻对BHPF的去除和生物积累。结果表明，普通小球藻在浓度>1 mg/L时对BHPF敏感，在暴露于>0.1 mg/L BHPF时脂质过氧化显著增加。BHPF引起了氧化应激，因为当BHPF浓度>0.5 mg/L时，藻类细胞中超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）的活性显著降低。添加藻类显著提高了BHPF的去除率。此外，观察到在0.5至5 mg/L浓度范围内，藻类中BHPF的积累增加，这可能导致BHPF对普通小球藻的毒性增加。超高效液相色谱-串联质谱（UPLC-MS/MS）结果表明，在藻类细胞中鉴定出了BHPF的三种代谢产物，这可能会在水生环境中产生意想不到的影响。