Marine Genomics Unit, Okinawa Institute of Science and Technology Graduate University, Onna, Okinawa 904-0495, Japan.
Atmosphere and Ocean Research Institute, The University of Tokyo, Kashiwa, Chiba 277-8564, Japan.
Genes (Basel). 2021 Mar 11;12(3):397. doi: 10.3390/genes12030397.
In addition to a purple, non-fluorescent chromoprotein (ChrP), fluorescent proteins (FPs) account for the vivid colors of corals, which occur in green (GFP), cyan (CFP), and red (RFP) FPs. To understand the evolution of the coral FP gene family, we examined the genomes of 15 species and three confamilial taxa. This genome-wide survey identified 219 FP genes. Molecular phylogeny revealed that the 15 species each have 9-18 FP genes, whereas the other acroporids examined have only two, suggesting a pronounced expansion of the FP genes in the genus . The data estimates of FP gene duplication suggest that the last common ancestor of the species that survived in the period of high sea surface temperature (Paleogene period) has already gained 16 FP genes. Different evolutionary histories of lineage-specific duplication and loss were discovered among GFP/CFPs, RFPs, and ChrPs. Synteny analysis revealed core GFP/CFP, RFP, and ChrP gene clusters, in which a tandem duplication of the FP genes was evident. The expansion and diversification of FPs may have contributed to the present-day richness of this genus.
除了紫色、非荧光色的色蛋白（ChrP）之外，荧光蛋白（FPs）也是珊瑚呈现鲜艳色彩的原因，它们分别为绿色（GFP）、青色（CFP）和红色（RFP）荧光蛋白。为了了解珊瑚 FP 基因家族的进化历程，我们检测了 15 个物种和三个近缘分类单元的基因组。这项全基因组调查鉴定出了 219 个 FP 基因。分子系统发育分析显示，这 15 个物种各有 9-18 个 FP 基因，而其他 examined acroporids 只有两个，这表明在属中 FP 基因发生了显著扩张。FP 基因复制的数据分析表明，在高海面温度时期（古近纪）幸存下来的物种的最后共同祖先已经获得了 16 个 FP 基因。GFP/CFPs、RFPs 和 ChrPs 之间发现了不同的谱系特异性复制和丢失的进化历史。共线性分析揭示了核心 GFP/CFP、RFP 和 ChrP 基因簇，其中 FP 基因的串联重复是显而易见的。FP 的扩张和多样化可能促成了该属目前的丰富度。
