Curtin Medical School, Curtin Health Innovation Research Institute, Curtin University, Perth, WA 6102, Australia.
Department of Nutrition, MD Dermatology, Porto Alegre, Rio Grande do Sul 90880-481, Brazil.
Nutrients. 2021 Mar 28;13(4):1110. doi: 10.3390/nu13041110.
Aging is associated with impairment in skeletal muscle mass and contractile function, predisposing to fat mass gain, insulin resistance and diabetes. The impact of Vitamin D (VitD) supplementation on skeletal muscle mass and function in older adults is still controversial. The aim of this review was to summarize data from randomized clinical trials, animal dietary intervention and cell studies in order to clarify current knowledge on the effects of VitD on skeletal muscle as reported for these three types of experiments. A structured research of the literature in Medline via PubMed was conducted and a total of 43 articles were analysed (cells = 18, animals = 13 and humans = 13). The results as described by these key studies demonstrate, overall, at cell and animal levels, that VitD treatments had positive effects on the development of muscle fibres in cells in culture, skeletal muscle force and hypertrophy. Vitamin D supplementation appears to regulate not only lipid and mitochondrial muscle metabolism but also to have a direct effect on glucose metabolism and insulin driven signalling. However, considering the human perspective, results revealed a predominance of null effects of the vitamin on muscle in the ageing population, but experimental design may have influenced the study outcome in humans. Well-designed long duration double-blinded trials, standardised VitD dosing regimen, larger sample sized studies and standardised measurements may be helpful tools to accurately determine results and compare to those observed in cells and animal dietary intervention models.
衰老是与骨骼肌质量和收缩功能的损害相关，易导致脂肪量增加、胰岛素抵抗和糖尿病。维生素 D（VitD）补充对老年人骨骼肌质量和功能的影响仍存在争议。本综述的目的是总结随机临床试验、动物饮食干预和细胞研究的数据，以阐明目前关于 VitD 对骨骼肌影响的知识，这些知识是针对这三种类型的实验报告的。通过 PubMed 在 Medline 上进行了结构化的文献研究，共分析了 43 篇文章（细胞=18，动物=13，人类=13）。这些主要研究描述的结果表明，总体而言，在细胞和动物水平上，VitD 治疗对培养细胞中肌肉纤维的发育、骨骼肌力量和肥大有积极影响。维生素 D 补充似乎不仅调节肌肉的脂质和线粒体代谢，而且对葡萄糖代谢和胰岛素驱动的信号有直接影响。然而，从人类的角度来看，结果表明维生素对老年人肌肉的影响主要为无效，但实验设计可能会影响人类的研究结果。精心设计的长期双盲试验、标准化的 VitD 剂量方案、更大样本量的研究和标准化的测量可能是确定结果并与细胞和动物饮食干预模型观察结果进行比较的有用工具。
