Celis-Alvarez Maria Danaee, López-González Felipe, Arriaga-Jordán Carlos Manuel, Robles-Jiménez Lizbeth E, González-Ronquillo Manuel
Instituto de Ciencias Agropecuarias y Rurales, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, No. 100 Instituto Literario, Toluca 50000, Estado de México, Mexico.
Facultad de Medicina Veterinaria y Zootecnia, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, No. 100 Instituto Literario 100, Col. Centro, Toluca 50000, Estado de México, Mexico.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 27;11(4):946. doi: 10.3390/ani11040946.
In cattle, greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions and nutrient balance are influenced by factors such as diet composition, intake, and digestibility. This study evaluated CH emissions and surpluses of crude protein, using five simulated scenarios of supplementation in small-scale dairy systems (SSDS). In addition, two pasture managements (cut-and-carry versus grazing) and two varieties of legumes (red clover vs. white clover) were considered. The diets were tested considering similar milk yield and chemical composition; CH emission was estimated using Tier-2 methodology from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), and the data were analyzed in a completely randomized 5 × 2 × 2 factorial design. Differences ( < 0.05) were found in predicted CH emissions per kg of milk produced (g kg FCM 3.5%). The lowest predicted CH emissions were found for S3 and S4 as well as for pastures containing white clover. Lower dietary surpluses of CP ( < 0.05) were observed for the control diet (1320 g CP/d), followed by S5 (1793 g CP/d), compared with S2 (2175 g CP/d), as well as in cut-and-carry management with red clover. A significant correlation ( < 0.001) was observed between dry matter intake and CH emissions (g and per kg of milk produced). It is concluded that the environmental impact of formulating diets from local inputs (S3 and S4) can be reduced by making them more efficient in terms of methane kg of milk in SSDS.
在奶牛养殖中，温室气体（GHG）排放和养分平衡受日粮组成、采食量和消化率等因素影响。本研究采用小规模奶牛养殖系统（SSDS）中的五种模拟补饲方案，评估了甲烷排放以及粗蛋白盈余情况。此外，还考虑了两种牧场管理方式（刈割搬运与放牧）和两种豆科植物品种（红三叶草与白三叶）。在考虑产奶量和化学组成相似的情况下对日粮进行测试；采用政府间气候变化专门委员会（IPCC）的二级方法估算甲烷排放，并采用完全随机的5×2×2析因设计对数据进行分析。发现每生产1千克牛奶的预测甲烷排放量（克/千克3.5%乳脂校正乳）存在差异（P<0.05）。S3和S4方案以及含有白三叶的牧场预测甲烷排放量最低。与S2方案（2175克粗蛋白/天）相比，对照日粮（1320克粗蛋白/天）以及S5方案（1793克粗蛋白/天）的日粮粗蛋白盈余较低（P<0.05），红三叶草刈割搬运管理方式下的日粮粗蛋白盈余也较低。干物质采食量与甲烷排放量（克/千克产奶量）之间存在显著相关性（P<0.001）。研究得出结论，在小规模奶牛养殖系统中，通过提高日粮效率（以每千克牛奶的甲烷量衡量），可以降低使用本地饲料配制日粮对环境的影响。
