Department of Green Technology, Faculty of Engineering, University of Southern Denmark, Campusvej 55, 5230 Odense, Denmark.
Aquaporin A/S, Nymøllevej 78, 2800 Kongens Lyngby, Denmark.
Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2021 Mar 17;18(6):3107. doi: 10.3390/ijerph18063107.
Manure and digestate liquid fractions are nutrient-rich effluents that can be fractionated and concentrated using membranes. However, these membranes tend to foul due to organic matter, solids, colloids, and inorganic compounds including calcium, ammonium, sodium, sulfur, potassium, phosphorus, and magnesium contained in the feed. This review paper is intended as a theoretical and practical tool for the decision-making process during design of membrane-based systems aiming at processing manure liquid fractions. Firstly, this review paper gives an overview of the main physico-chemical characteristics of manure and digestates. Furthermore, solid-liquid separation technologies are described and the complexity of the physico-chemical variables affecting the separation process is discussed. The main factors influencing membrane fouling mechanisms, morphology and characteristics are described, as well as techniques covering membrane inspection and foulant analysis. Secondly, the effects of the feed characteristics, membrane operating conditions (pressure, cross-flow velocity, temperature), pH, flocculation-coagulation and membrane cleaning on fouling and membrane performance are presented. Finally, a summary of techniques for specific recovery of ammonia-nitrogen, phosphorus and removal of heavy metals for farm effluents is also presented.
粪便和消化液液体部分是富含营养的废水，可以使用膜进行分离和浓缩。然而，这些膜由于进料中所含的有机物、固体、胶体和无机物（包括钙、铵、钠、硫、钾、磷和镁）而容易受到污染。本文旨在为基于膜的系统设计过程中的决策提供理论和实践工具，旨在处理粪便液体部分。首先，本文概述了粪便和消化物的主要物理化学特性。此外，还描述了固液分离技术，并讨论了影响分离过程的物理化学变量的复杂性。描述了影响膜污染机制、形态和特性的主要因素，以及涵盖膜检查和污垢分析的技术。其次，介绍了进料特性、膜操作条件（压力、错流速度、温度）、pH 值、絮凝-混凝和膜清洗对污染和膜性能的影响。最后，还介绍了针对农场废水的氨氮、磷的特定回收技术和重金属去除技术。
