College of Agronomy, Gansu Agricultural University, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science, Lanzhou 730070, China.
Molecules. 2021 Mar 1;26(5):1310. doi: 10.3390/molecules26051310.
Deep eutectic solvents (DESs) are green organic solvents that have broad prospects in the extraction of effective components of traditional Chinese medicine. This work employed the quantitative analysis of multi-components by a single marker (QAMS) method to quantitatively determine the six effective components of glycyrrhizic acid, liquiritin, isoliquiritin apioside, liquiritigenin, isoliquiritin, and glycyrrhetinic acid in , which was used for comprehensive evaluation of the optimal extraction process by DESs. First, Choline Chloride: Lactic Acid (ChCl-LA, molar ratio 1:1) was selected as the most suitable DES by comparing the extraction yields of different DESs. Second, the extraction protocol was investigated by extraction time, extraction temperature, liquid-to-material ratio, molar ratio, and ultrasonic power. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) combined with response surface methodology (RSM) was used to investigate the optimal DES conditions. The result showed that the best DES system was 1.3-butanediol/choline chloride (ChCl) with the molar ratio of 4:1. The optimal extraction process of licorice was 20 mL/g, the water content was 30%, and the extraction time was 41 min. The comprehensive impact factor (z) was 0.92. At the same time, it was found that the microstructure of the residue extracted by the eutectic solvent was more severely damaged than the residue after the traditional solvent extraction through observation under an electron microscope. The DES has the characteristics of high efficiency and rapidity as an extraction solution.
深共熔溶剂（DESs）是绿色有机溶剂，在提取中药有效成分方面具有广阔的前景。本工作采用多组分单标记定量分析（QAMS）方法，定量测定甘草酸、甘草苷、异甘草苷、甘草素、异甘草素和甘草次酸等 6 种有效成分，用于综合评价 DESs 的最佳提取工艺。首先，通过比较不同 DESs 的提取率，选择氯化胆碱：乳酸（ChCl-LA，摩尔比 1:1）作为最适合的 DES。其次，通过提取时间、提取温度、液料比、摩尔比和超声功率考察提取方案。采用 Box-Behnken 设计（BBD）结合响应面法（RSM）考察最佳 DES 条件。结果表明，最佳 DES 体系为 1.3-丁二醇/氯化胆碱（ChCl）摩尔比为 4:1。甘草的最佳提取工艺为 20 mL/g，水含量为 30%，提取时间为 41 min。综合影响因子（z）为 0.92。同时，通过电子显微镜观察发现，与传统溶剂提取后的残渣相比，共晶溶剂提取后的残渣微观结构受到更严重的破坏。DES 作为一种提取溶液具有高效快速的特点。
