Department of Ophthalmology and Visual Sciences, Carver College of Medicine, University of Iowa Hospitals & Clinics, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Institute for Vision Research, University of Iowa, Iowa City, IA 52242, USA.
Cells. 2021 Mar 20;10(3):687. doi: 10.3390/cells10030687.
The extracellular matrix (ECM) plays a crucial role in all parts of the eye, from maintaining clarity and hydration of the cornea and vitreous to regulating angiogenesis, intraocular pressure maintenance, and vascular signaling. This review focuses on the interactions of the ECM for homeostasis of normal physiologic functions of the cornea, vitreous, retina, retinal pigment epithelium, Bruch's membrane, and choroid as well as trabecular meshwork, optic nerve, conjunctiva and tenon's layer as it relates to glaucoma. A variety of pathways and key factors related to ECM in the eye are discussed, including but not limited to those related to transforming growth factor-β, vascular endothelial growth factor, basic-fibroblastic growth factor, connective tissue growth factor, matrix metalloproteinases (including MMP-2 and MMP-9, and MMP-14), collagen IV, fibronectin, elastin, canonical signaling, integrins, and endothelial morphogenesis consistent of cellular activation-tubulogenesis and cellular differentiation-stabilization. Alterations contributing to disease states such as wound healing, diabetes-related complications, Fuchs endothelial corneal dystrophy, angiogenesis, fibrosis, age-related macular degeneration, retinal detachment, and posteriorly inserted vitreous base are also reviewed.
细胞外基质（ECM）在眼睛的各个部位都起着至关重要的作用，从维持角膜和玻璃体的透明度和水合作用，到调节血管生成、眼内压维持和血管信号传递。本综述重点讨论了 ECM 与青光眼相关的正常生理功能的角膜、玻璃体、视网膜、视网膜色素上皮、Bruch 膜和脉络膜以及小梁网、视神经、结膜和 Tenon 层的稳态相互作用。讨论了与眼睛中 ECM 相关的多种途径和关键因素，包括但不限于与转化生长因子-β、血管内皮生长因子、碱性成纤维细胞生长因子、结缔组织生长因子、基质金属蛋白酶（包括 MMP-2 和 MMP-9，以及 MMP-14）、胶原 IV、纤维连接蛋白、弹性蛋白、经典信号通路、整合素和内皮形态发生（包括细胞激活-小管形成和细胞分化-稳定）相关的那些。还回顾了导致疾病状态的改变，如伤口愈合、糖尿病相关并发症、Fuchs 内皮角膜营养不良、血管生成、纤维化、年龄相关性黄斑变性、视网膜脱离和玻璃体后插入基底。
