Polit Agnieszka, Mystek Paweł, Błasiak Ewa
Department of Physical Biochemistry, Faculty of Biochemistry Biophysics and Biotechnology, Jagiellonian University, Gronostajowa 7, 30-387 Kraków, Poland.
Membranes (Basel). 2021 Mar 20;11(3):222. doi: 10.3390/membranes11030222.
In highly organized multicellular organisms such as humans, the functions of an individual cell are dependent on signal transduction through G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) and subsequently heterotrimeric G proteins. As most of the elements belonging to the signal transduction system are bound to lipid membranes, researchers are showing increasing interest in studying the accompanying protein-lipid interactions, which have been demonstrated to not only provide the environment but also regulate proper and efficient signal transduction. The mode of interaction between the cell membrane and G proteins is well known. Despite this, the recognition mechanisms at the molecular level and how the individual G protein-membrane attachment signals are interrelated in the process of the complex control of membrane targeting of G proteins remain unelucidated. This review focuses on the mechanisms by which mammalian Gα subunits of G proteins interact with lipids and the factors responsible for the specificity of membrane association. We summarize recent data on how these signaling proteins are precisely targeted to a specific site in the membrane region by introducing well-defined modifications as well as through the presence of polybasic regions within these proteins and interactions with other components of the heterocomplex.
在高度组织化的多细胞生物（如人类）中，单个细胞的功能依赖于通过G蛋白偶联受体（GPCR）以及随后的异源三聚体G蛋白进行的信号转导。由于信号转导系统的大多数元件都与脂质膜结合，研究人员对研究伴随的蛋白质-脂质相互作用越来越感兴趣，已证明这种相互作用不仅提供了环境，还调节了适当且高效的信号转导。细胞膜与G蛋白之间的相互作用模式是众所周知的。尽管如此，分子水平的识别机制以及在G蛋白膜靶向的复杂控制过程中各个G蛋白-膜附着信号是如何相互关联的，仍未阐明。本综述重点关注G蛋白的哺乳动物Gα亚基与脂质相互作用的机制以及负责膜结合特异性的因素。我们通过引入明确的修饰以及这些蛋白质中多碱性区域的存在及其与异源复合物其他成分的相互作用，总结了关于这些信号蛋白如何精确靶向膜区域特定位点的最新数据。
