Sluiter Thijs J, van Buul Jaap D, Huveneers Stephan, Quax Paul H A, de Vries Margreet R
Department of Vascular Surgery, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Einthoven Laboratory for Experimental Vascular Medicine, Leiden University Medical Center, 2333 ZA Leiden, The Netherlands.
Biomedicines. 2021 Mar 24;9(4):328. doi: 10.3390/biomedicines9040328.
The vascular endothelium is a highly specialized barrier that controls passage of fluids and migration of cells from the lumen into the vessel wall. Endothelial cells assist leukocytes to extravasate and despite the variety in the specific mechanisms utilized by different leukocytes to cross different vascular beds, there is a general principle of capture, rolling, slow rolling, arrest, crawling, and ultimately diapedesis via a paracellular or transcellular route. In atherosclerosis, the barrier function of the endothelium is impaired leading to uncontrolled leukocyte extravasation and vascular leakage. This is also observed in the neovessels that grow into the atherosclerotic plaque leading to intraplaque hemorrhage and plaque destabilization. This review focuses on the vascular endothelial barrier function and the interaction between endothelial cells and leukocytes during transmigration. We will discuss the role of endothelial dysfunction, transendothelial migration of leukocytes and plaque angiogenesis in atherosclerosis.
血管内皮是一种高度专业化的屏障，可控制液体的通过以及细胞从管腔向血管壁的迁移。内皮细胞协助白细胞渗出，尽管不同白细胞穿越不同血管床所利用的具体机制存在差异，但一般遵循捕获、滚动、缓慢滚动、停滞、爬行，最终通过细胞旁或跨细胞途径进行穿胞作用的原则。在动脉粥样硬化中，内皮的屏障功能受损，导致白细胞无控制地渗出和血管渗漏。在生长到动脉粥样硬化斑块中的新生血管中也观察到这种情况，这会导致斑块内出血和斑块不稳定。本综述重点关注血管内皮屏障功能以及迁移过程中内皮细胞与白细胞之间的相互作用。我们将讨论内皮功能障碍、白细胞跨内皮迁移和斑块血管生成在动脉粥样硬化中的作用。
