Jîtcă George, Ősz Bianca E, Tero-Vescan Amelia, Vari Camil E
Department of Pharmacology and Clinical Pharmacy, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, George Emil Palade University of Medicine, Pharmacy, Science and Technology of Târgu Mureș, 540142 Târgu Mureș, Romania.
Antioxidants (Basel). 2021 Mar 4;10(3):381. doi: 10.3390/antiox10030381.
Nowadays, more and more young people want to experience illegal, psychoactive substances, without knowing the risks of exposure. Besides affecting social life, psychoactive substances also have an important effect on consumer health. We summarized and analyzed the published literature data with reference to the mechanism of free radical generation and the link between chemical structure and oxidative stress related to dopaminergic neurotransmission. This review presents data on the physicochemical properties, on the ability to cross the blood brain barrier, the chemical structure activity relationship (SAR), and possible mechanisms by which neuronal injuries occur due to oxidative stress as a result of drug abuse such as "bath salts", amphetamines, or cocaine. The mechanisms of action of ingested compounds or their metabolites involve intermediate steps in which free radicals are generated. The brain is strongly affected by the consumption of such substances, facilitating the induction of neurodegenerative diseases. It can be concluded that neurotoxicity is associated with drug abuse. Dependence and oxidative stress are linked to inhibition of neurogenesis and the onset of neuronal death. Understanding the pathological mechanisms following oxidative attack can be a starting point in the development of new therapeutic targets.
如今，越来越多的年轻人想要体验非法的精神活性物质，却不知道接触这些物质的风险。除了影响社会生活外，精神活性物质对消费者健康也有重要影响。我们参考自由基生成机制以及与多巴胺能神经传递相关的化学结构和氧化应激之间的联系，对已发表的文献数据进行了总结和分析。本综述介绍了关于“浴盐”、安非他命或可卡因等药物滥用导致氧化应激从而引起神经元损伤的物理化学性质、穿越血脑屏障的能力、化学结构活性关系（SAR）以及可能机制的数据。摄入的化合物或其代谢产物的作用机制涉及自由基生成的中间步骤。大脑会受到此类物质消费的强烈影响，从而促进神经退行性疾病的诱发。可以得出结论，神经毒性与药物滥用有关。依赖性和氧化应激与神经发生的抑制以及神经元死亡的发生有关。了解氧化攻击后的病理机制可以成为开发新治疗靶点的起点。
