Kwon Taeyong, Yoon Seongsim, Yoon Sanghoo
Department of Statistics, Daegu University, Gyeongbuk 38453, Korea.
Korea Institute of Civil Engineering and Building Technology, Goyang 10223, Korea.
Entropy (Basel). 2021 Mar 23;23(3):378. doi: 10.3390/e23030378.
Uncertainty in the rainfall network can lead to mistakes in dam operation. Sudden increases in dam water levels due to rainfall uncertainty are a high disaster risk. In order to prevent these losses, it is necessary to configure an appropriate rainfall network that can effectively reflect the characteristics of the watershed. In this study, conditional entropy was used to calculate the uncertainty of the watershed using rainfall and radar data observed from 2018 to 2019 in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds. The results identified radar data suitable for the characteristics of the watershed and proposed a site for an additional rainfall gauge. It is also necessary to select the location of the additional rainfall gauged by limiting the points where smooth movement and installation, for example crossing national borders, are difficult. The proposed site emphasized accessibility and usability by leveraging road information and selecting a radar grid near the road. As a practice result, the uncertainty of precipitation in the Goesan and Hwacheon Dam watersheds could be decreased by 70.0% and 67.9%, respectively, when four and three additional gauge sites were installed without any restriction. When these were installed near to the road, with five and four additional gauge sites, the uncertainty in the Goesan Dam and Hwacheon Dam watersheds were reduced by up to 71.1%. Therefore, due to the high degree of uncertainty, it is necessary to measure precipitation. The operation of the rainfall gauge can provide a smooth site and configure an appropriate monitoring network.
降雨监测网络的不确定性可能导致大坝运行出现失误。由于降雨不确定性导致大坝水位突然上升，这是一种高灾害风险。为防止这些损失，有必要配置一个能有效反映流域特征的合适降雨监测网络。在本研究中，利用条件熵，根据2018年至2019年在槐山坝和华川坝流域观测到的降雨和雷达数据，计算了流域的不确定性。结果确定了适合该流域特征的雷达数据，并提出了增设雨量计的地点。还需要通过限制难以顺利移动和安装（例如跨越国界）的点来选择增设雨量计的位置。所提议的地点通过利用道路信息并选择靠近道路的雷达网格，强调了可达性和可用性。作为实践结果，在无任何限制的情况下分别增设四个和三个雨量计站点时，槐山坝和华川坝流域降水的不确定性可分别降低70.0%和67.9%。当在靠近道路的位置分别增设五个和四个雨量计站点时，槐山坝和华川坝流域的不确定性降低了71.1%。因此，由于不确定性程度高，有必要测量降水量。雨量计的运行可以提供一个顺畅的地点，并配置一个合适的监测网络。
