Kang Caroline, Punjani Nahid, Schlegel Peter N
Department of Urology, Weill Cornell Medical College, New York, NY 10021, USA.
J Clin Med. 2021 Mar 31;10(7):1400. doi: 10.3390/jcm10071400.
Non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), or lack of sperm in the ejaculate due to spermatogenic dysfunction, is the most severe form of infertility. Men with this form of infertility should be evaluated prior to treatment, as there are various underlying etiologies for NOA. While a significant proportion of NOA men have idiopathic spermatogenic dysfunction, known etiologies including genetic disorders, hormonal anomalies, structural abnormalities, chemotherapy or radiation treatment, infection and inflammation may substantively affect the prognosis for successful treatment. Despite the underlying etiology for NOA, most of these infertile men are candidates for surgical sperm retrieval and subsequent use in intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). In this review, we describe common etiologies of NOA and clinical outcomes following surgical sperm retrieval and ICSI.
非梗阻性无精子症（NOA），即由于生精功能障碍导致射精中缺乏精子，是最严重的不育形式。患有这种不育症的男性在治疗前应进行评估，因为NOA存在多种潜在病因。虽然相当一部分NOA男性患有特发性生精功能障碍，但已知的病因包括遗传疾病、激素异常、结构异常、化疗或放疗、感染和炎症等，这些都可能实质性地影响成功治疗的预后。尽管NOA有潜在病因，但大多数这些不育男性都是手术取精并随后用于卵胞浆内单精子注射（ICSI）的候选者。在本综述中，我们描述了NOA的常见病因以及手术取精和ICSI后的临床结果。
