Siena Giulia, Milani Chiara
Department of Animal Medicine, Production and Health (MAPS), University of Padua, 35020 Legnaro, PD, Italy.
Animals (Basel). 2021 Mar 19;11(3):878. doi: 10.3390/ani11030878.
An accurate parturition timing is of key importance for breeders and veterinarians in order to give professional assistance to parturition in dogs. However, pregnancy length calculated from the breeding date has a wide variability. Different parameters and formulas have been described and calculated, as well as their accuracy which is affected by various factors: stage of pregnancy, litter and maternal size. Therefore, the selection of the most appropriate parameter panel poses the challenge of weighing their influences and impact on the overall accuracy. The aim of this review is to analyze the parameters useful for parturition timing, especially their accuracy, and to propose the addition of fetal maturity and criteria for its evaluation to detect readiness for parturition. Parameters, as described in literature, are classified as: (i) maternal parameters, (ii) fetal parameters, (iii) ultrasonographic assessment of maternal and fetal heart rate and blood flow, (iv) parameters indicating fetal maturity. A focus on recently described parameters-such as fetal gastrointestinal motility and fetal lung development detected by quantitative ultrasound-is reported. Currently, the most accurate way to predict parturition day is represented by a prepartum progesterone drop, but the identification of a panel of ultrasonographic parameters combining their significance and their accuracy throughout pregnancy is still needed.
准确的分娩时间对于饲养员和兽医来说至关重要，以便为犬类分娩提供专业帮助。然而，从配种日期计算的妊娠期长度存在很大差异。已经描述和计算了不同的参数和公式，以及它们的准确性，而这些准确性会受到各种因素的影响：妊娠阶段、窝仔数和母体大小。因此，选择最合适的参数组合面临着权衡它们对整体准确性的影响和作用的挑战。本综述的目的是分析对分娩时间有用的参数，尤其是它们的准确性，并提出增加胎儿成熟度及其评估标准以检测分娩准备情况。文献中描述的参数分为：(i) 母体参数，(ii) 胎儿参数，(iii) 对母体和胎儿心率及血流的超声评估，(iv) 表明胎儿成熟度的参数。报告了对最近描述的参数的关注，如通过定量超声检测到的胎儿胃肠蠕动和胎儿肺发育。目前，预测分娩日期最准确的方法是产前孕酮下降，但仍需要确定一组在整个妊娠期结合其意义和准确性的超声参数。
