Parshin Sergey G, Karkhin Victor A, Mayr Peter, Maystro Alexey S
Institute of Mechanical Engineering, Materials and Transport, Peter the Great St.Petersburg Polytechnic University, Polytechnicheskaya, 29, St. Petersburg 195251, Russia.
Chair of Materials Engineering of Additive Manufacturing, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Technical University of Munich, Boltzmann str. 15, 85748 München, Germany.
Materials (Basel). 2021 Mar 19;14(6):1509. doi: 10.3390/ma14061509.
Development of welding consumables with fluorides and borides of rare earth metals is a promising area for improving the weldability of low alloy steels. As lanthanum fluoride and boride dissociate, lanthanum and boron dissolve in the weld pool and the welding arc plasma is saturated with fluorine. As a result of FeO, MnO, SiO deoxidation and FeS, MnS desulfurization, refractory lanthanum sulfides and oxides LaO, LaS are formed in the weld pool, which can be the crystallization nuclei in the weld pool and the origin of acicular ferrite nucleation. The paper proposes a model of metallurgical processes in the arc and weld pool, as well as a model of electrochemical adsorption of Ni cations in colloidal electrolytes during electrostatic deposition of nano-dispersed insoluble particles of LaF or LaB on the surface of wire. The paper discusses the constructional design of the welding wire and the technology for forming electrochemical composite coatings with copper and nickel matrix. The composite wires applied in the welding of low alloy steels make it possible to refine the microstructure, increase the tensile strength by 4% and the impact toughness of welds by 20%.
开发含有稀土金属氟化物和硼化物的焊接材料是提高低合金钢焊接性的一个有前景的领域。随着氟化镧和硼化物的分解，镧和硼溶解在熔池中，焊接电弧等离子体被氟饱和。由于FeO、MnO、SiO的脱氧以及FeS、MnS的脱硫，在熔池中形成了难熔的硫化镧和氧化物LaO、LaS，它们可以成为熔池中的结晶核心以及针状铁素体形核的起源。本文提出了电弧和熔池中冶金过程的模型，以及在将纳米分散的不溶性LaF或LaB颗粒静电沉积到焊丝表面过程中，Ni阳离子在胶体电解质中的电化学吸附模型。本文讨论了焊丝的结构设计以及用铜和镍基形成电化学复合涂层的工艺。应用于低合金钢焊接的复合焊丝能够细化微观组织，使焊缝的抗拉强度提高4%，冲击韧性提高20%。
