Slusher Eddie K, Cottrell Ted, Acebes-Doria Angelita L
Department of Entomology, University of Georgia, Tifton, GA 31793, USA.
USDA Southeastern Fruit and Tree Nut Research Laboratory, Byron, GA 31008, USA.
Insects. 2021 Mar 12;12(3):241. doi: 10.3390/insects12030241.
Aphids are important pests of pecans. Traditionally, insecticides have been the primary method of management. However, over-reliance and non-judicious use has led to resistance and damage to natural enemy populations. Therefore, frequent assessment of insecticides is necessary in order to monitor resistance development and non-target impacts. Aphicides, flonicamid, sulfoxaflor, and afidopyropen were assessed for their effects on pecan aphids and parasitoid, in a mature pecan orchard in 2019 and 2020. Post-application assessments were performed 7, 14, and 21 days post-application. Leaf samples from non-treated trees had greater aphid numbers than treated trees 7 days post-application with differences diminishing throughout the other two treatment periods in 2019. In 2020, aphid numbers were lower but leaf samples from non-treated trees had more aphids than treated trees 7 days post-application in the lower canopy. These differences again diminished 14 and 21 days post-application. There was no difference among treatments in number of parasitoid adults or mummies. These findings indicate that pecan growers have multiple potential options available for aphid management that do not negatively impact the primary pecan aphid parasitoid. Implications of the results on pecan aphid management are discussed.
蚜虫是山核桃的重要害虫。传统上，杀虫剂一直是主要的防治方法。然而，过度依赖和不合理使用已导致害虫产生抗药性，并对天敌种群造成损害。因此，有必要经常评估杀虫剂，以监测抗药性发展情况和非目标影响。2019年和2020年，在一个成熟的山核桃果园中，对杀蚜剂、氟啶虫酰胺、氟吡呋喃酮和三氟甲吡醚对山核桃蚜虫和寄生蜂的影响进行了评估。施药后7天、14天和21天进行施药后评估。2019年施药7天后，未处理树的叶片样本上的蚜虫数量比处理树多，在另外两个处理期内差异逐渐减小。2020年，蚜虫数量较少，但在树冠下层施药7天后未处理树的叶片样本上的蚜虫比处理树多。这些差异在施药14天和21天后再次减小。各处理间寄生蜂成虫或僵蚜数量没有差异。这些发现表明，山核桃种植者有多种可供选择的蚜虫防治方法，这些方法不会对主要的山核桃蚜虫寄生蜂产生负面影响。文中讨论了这些结果对山核桃蚜虫防治的意义。
