Szulc Piotr, Ambroży-Deręgowska Katarzyna, Waligóra Hubert, Mejza Iwona, Grześ Stanisław, Zielewicz Waldemar, Wróbel Barbara
Department of Agronomy, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Dojazd 11, 60-632 Poznań, Poland.
Department of Mathematical and Statistical Methods, Poznań University of Life Sciences, Wojska Polskiego 28, 60-637 Poznań, Poland.
Plants (Basel). 2021 Mar 12;10(3):535. doi: 10.3390/plants10030535.
This study presents the results of 3-year field trials, whose purpose was to assess the dynamics of dry matter accumulation by maize depending on the placement depth of a two-component (NP) mineral fertilizer in the soil layer, type of nitrogen fertilizer and date of its application. Weather conditions, mainly thermal in the early growing season, had a significant effect on maize responses to placement depth of phosphorus starting dose in the soil profile. In the initial stage of maize development, the temperature determined plant growth to a significantly higher extent than the sum of rainfall. The dry matter yield of ears and whole plants showed a clear reaction to starter phosphorus fertilization, but the effect of the depth of fertilizer placement varied over the years, indicating a depth of 5 cm and 10 cm as advisable and recommended for agricultural practice. The PFPF (partial factor productivity of fertilizer nitrogen) and PFPF (partial factor productivity of fertilizer phosphorus) indices confirmed the significant effect of fertilizer (NP) placement in the soil profile, indicating row fertilizer application (regardless of the depth) as recommended to improve the efficiency of maize fertilization. The SPAD (soil plant analysis development) leaf greenness index turned out to be a sensitive indicator of maize response to fertilizer (NP) placement depth in the soil profile.
本研究展示了为期3年的田间试验结果，其目的是评估玉米干物质积累动态，该动态取决于土壤层中二元（NP）矿物肥料的施入深度、氮肥类型及其施用日期。天气条件，主要是生长季早期的热量条件，对玉米对土壤剖面中磷起始剂量施入深度的反应有显著影响。在玉米发育初期，温度对植株生长的决定作用显著高于降雨量总和。果穗和整株植物的干物质产量对基肥施磷有明显反应，但肥料施入深度的影响多年来有所不同，表明5厘米和10厘米的深度适合农业生产实践并被推荐。肥料氮偏生产力（PFPF）和肥料磷偏生产力（PFPF）指数证实了肥料（NP）在土壤剖面中施入的显著影响，表明推荐采用条施肥料（无论深度如何）以提高玉米施肥效率。土壤作物分析发展（SPAD）叶片绿度指数是玉米对土壤剖面中肥料（NP）施入深度反应的敏感指标。
